
公務員報考人數明顯下降,非因工作變差,而是人才市場報酬提升導致選擇公職的機會成本增加。公職穩定性價值受外部高薪產業衝擊,薪資機制僵固難以調整,人才自然流向民間市場。政府應思考如何以具競爭力的條件留才,而非歸責年金改革或少子化。
AI-generated summary
公務員報考人數近年下降,115年高普考報考人數為53,869人,較過去高峰明顯減少。外界多歸因於年金改革或工作壓力增加,但文章提出經濟學視角,認為人才市場報酬提升導致選擇公職的機會成本增加。
◎ 陳奕辰
近來「公務員報考人數腰斬」、「鐵飯碗不香了」等新聞屢見不鮮。根據考選部資料,115年高普考報考人數為53,869人,相較過去高峰明顯減少。有人歸因於年金改革,有人認為是工作壓力增加,但若從經濟學角度觀察,或許還有另一種解釋:不是公務員突然變成一份不好的工作,而是整個人才市場已經「重新定價」。
公務員報考人數下滑,相較過去高峰明顯減少。(資料照)首先改變的是「機會成本」。過去大學畢業生投入一年準備國考,放棄的可能只是一份薪資差距不大的民間工作;如今科技、半導體、金融、資訊與工程產業提供更多高薪與職涯選擇,年輕人準備國考所放棄的,不只是薪資,更包括工作經驗、升遷與累積專業資本的時間。外部選項愈好,選擇公職的機會成本自然愈高。
其次,是公職「低風險」的價值正在改變。如果把職業當成金融商品,過去的公務員很像一張政府公債:報酬未必最高,卻具有低波動、低失業風險及穩定現金流;民間企業則比較像股票,風險較高,但報酬與成長空間也較大。
請繼續往下閱讀...
問題不是這張「公債」失去價值,而是當外部市場的報酬提高,年輕人願意為「穩定」支付的溢價自然下降。
更值得注意的,是公部門的「價格訊號」。近年公共治理日益複雜,從災害防救、資安、公共工程到社會福利,公務人員承擔的專業、法律與輿論責任不斷增加;然而公務體系薪資主要受到職等、俸點與年資制度規範,很難像民間市場依人才稀缺程度迅速調整。當責任成本增加,報酬卻相對僵固,人才自然會用腳投票。
當然,少子化也是報考人數下降的重要因素,不能將所有問題簡化為待遇或年金改革。但當報考人數下降、部分專業類科出現不足額,而公務體系又面臨留才問題時,政府真正該關心的,恐怕已經不是「為什麼年輕人不來考」,而是「國家要用什麼條件,與民間市場競爭人才?」
公務員依然是一份穩定且具有公共價值的工作,只是當外部薪資、職涯選擇與工作型態都已改變,人才自然會重新計算這筆職涯投資。
這正是經濟學最基本的道理:相對價格改變,人的選擇就會改變。
政府真正該關心的,恐怕已經不是「為什麼年輕人不來考」,而是國家要用什麼條件,與民間市場競爭。(資料照)因此,不是鐵飯碗不香了,而是人才市場已經重新定價。當人才市場已經重新定價,政府的人力制度,也到了必須重新定價的時候。
(作者為全國公務人員協會理事/兼任大學講師)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
若公務人員薪資制度不作調整,報考人數將繼續下降,專業類科不足額情況可能惡化。
Likely · Within months

Nationwide riots in France have drawn attention, with high school students, trade unions and yellow vests taking to the streets to protest. Heblo, a Frenchman living in Canada, analyzed that France's decline began with the policy mistakes made after Mitterrand came to power in 1981. This situation has also caused Taiwanese netizens to worry about domestic welfare policies and generational conflicts.

Google, NVIDIA and Emerald AI jointly launched the "AI Energy Management Alliance" (AEMA) to focus on the power consumption flexibility of AI data centers and explore how large power users can help relieve grid pressure through load shifting and demand response.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council recently issued the "Opinions on the Development of New Productivity Productivity", emphasizing that the development of new quality productivity requires an overall coordination of the relationship between quality and business format, to avoid the sudden advancement of industries alone, and to build an industrial development pattern of global coordination and gradient complementation to consolidate the foundation for high-quality development.

The Highway Bureau of the Ministry of Transport has increased the general training for recidivism classes from 4 hours to 6 hours, increased the drunk driving violation recidivism class from 12 hours to 15 hours, and established a new unlicensed driving violation recidivism class for under 18 years old, requiring underage drivers to receive a 6-hour course and parents must accompany them to the class. The Highways Agency estimates that approximately 28,000 people are affected each year. The article points out that whether driving behavior can truly be changed after increasing course time still needs long-term testing, and recommends publishing the recidivism rates of trainees after six months, one year, and two years to evaluate the effect.

Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi has repeatedly offered sacrifices to the Yasukuni Shrine in the name of the cabinet. On the surface, he claimed to inherit the position of the Murayama Statement, but in fact, he used historical revisionism to pave the way for remilitarization and constitutional revision, which aroused the vigilance of the international community.

Information security scholar Li Zhongxian pointed out that China is actively intervening in Taiwan's elections to prevent Shen Boyang from being elected, and believes that China's support and involvement in Chiang Wanan is a foregone conclusion. He emphasized that Taiwan faces the threat of annexation by China and called on the public to be wary of China's political and economic interference.