Back以色列大選結束,內塔尼亞胡能否執政為何依然懸而未決?
以色列大選結束,內塔尼亞胡能否執政為何依然懸而未決?
Developing
BBC中文2 hours agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

以色列大選結束,內塔尼亞胡能否執政為何依然懸而未決?

自2023年10月7日哈馬斯襲擊以來的首次大選出口民調顯示,以色列政壇面臨僵局,阿拉伯人政黨或成關鍵。

Quick Look

以色列舉行自2023年10月7日以來的首次大選,出口民調顯示現任總理內塔尼亞胡與反對派席位相當,無明確贏家。局勢取決於阿拉伯人政黨的角色,最終結果預計於11月公佈。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

自1948年建國以來,以色列一直由聯合政府領導。這是自2023年10月7日哈馬斯主導襲擊以來首次大選。

Font size

自1948年建國以來,以色列一直由聯合政府領導,但下一屆政府是否會包括現任總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡(Benjamin Netanyahu)?

這是自2023年10月7日哈馬斯主導襲擊以色列以來的首次大選,出口民調顯示,尚無明確贏家。

以色列兩家廣播電視機構預測,前軍方最高指揮官加迪·艾森科特(Gadi Eisenkot)領導的亞沙爾黨(Yashar)及其「變革聯盟」(Change Bloc)中的另外三個猶太人反對黨,將在擁有120個席位的以色列議會(Knesset)中贏得51席,與內塔尼亞胡領導的利庫德集團(Likud)及其極右翼和極端正統派猶太盟友的席位數相同。第三家廣播電視機構的民調則顯示,內塔尼亞胡領先三席。

局勢在很大程度上將取決於兩個阿拉伯人政黨發揮的作用,預測顯示它們將贏得創紀錄的18或19席。

10月27日的投票率創下數十年來新高。

但接下來會發生什麼?

以色列的選舉制度是如何運作的?

以色列議會稱為「克奈塞特」(Knesset),共有120席,這意味著任何政府必須掌握61席才能取得多數。

以色列採用比例代表制選舉制度,因此政府歷來都是由多個政黨組成的聯合政府。

以下是本屆議會在大選前、由內塔尼亞胡聯盟執政時的席位分佈。

以下是目前的局勢。

內塔尼亞胡能否組成政府?

週二大選的最終結果確認後,以色列總統將在與所有政治派別磋商後,邀請他認為最有可能成功的政黨領袖組建執政聯盟。這一過程可能需要數週。

通常,總統會任命獲得最多議會席位的政黨領袖組閣。目前擔任總統的是伊薩克·赫爾佐格(Isaac Herzog)。但這並非硬性規定:例如,2009年大選後,時任總統西蒙·佩雷斯(Shimon Peres)首先邀請內塔尼亞胡組閣,儘管他領導的利庫德集團所得席位少於對手前進黨(Kadima)。

總統首位指定的組閣人選最多有42天時間組建政府。如果未能成功,另一名政黨領袖將獲得機會。

如果沒有任何政黨能夠取得過半數席位,也可能由少數派政府執政。如果這也行不通,則可能重新舉行選舉,在此之前內塔尼亞胡將繼續擔任看守總理。

哪些政黨參與角逐?

預測顯示,內塔尼亞胡的利庫德集團和艾森科特的亞沙爾黨將成為議會中的兩大黨,但它們需要其他政黨的支持才能組建聯合政府。內塔尼亞胡領導的是一個由右翼和宗教政黨組成的聯盟。

他於1996年首次上台。在伊扎克·拉賓(Yitzhak Rabin)遇刺後提前舉行的選舉中,他成為以色列首位直接選舉產生的總理,並在過去30年的大部分時間裡執政。

艾森科特領導的反對派聯盟由中右翼和左傾政黨組成,主要因取代內塔尼亞胡這一共同目標而團結起來。

該聯盟包括前總理納夫塔利·貝內特(Naftali Bennett)領導的比亞哈德黨(B'Yachad)。

另有兩個阿拉伯人政黨聯盟參選,以色列約五分之一的人口是阿拉伯人。理論上,它們可能成為決定誰能執政的關鍵力量。但在主要猶太人政黨中,除一個政黨外,其餘均已排除與它們共同執政的可能性。

何時能知道結果?

初步結果預計於10月28日公佈。估計有60萬張缺席選票,主要由軍人投下,約佔總票數的10%,要到週四才能全部點算完畢。正式結果定於11月4日公佈。

聯合政府的談判過程可能需要數週,甚至數月。2021年3月大選後,直到6月才組建政府,由貝內特與亞伊爾·拉皮德(Yair Lapid)達成權力分享協議。

當時,內塔尼亞胡首先獲得組閣機會,但未能組建可行的執政聯盟。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 正式選舉結果將於11月4日公佈

    Very likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 哪位政黨領袖將獲總統授權組閣?
  • 阿拉伯政黨是否會發揮關鍵作用?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by BBC中文.

Related Stories

Does the CCP use the "Three Pests Away" posters to urge votes with hatred? Liang Wenjie spoke
Developing·

Does the CCP use the "Three Pests Away" posters to urge votes with hatred? Liang Wenjie spoke

A campaign poster by Jiang Wanan, modeled after the movie "The Three Evils", circulated on the Internet, portraying members of the Democratic Progressive Party as the "three evils", causing controversy. Mainland Affairs Council spokesperson Liang Wenjie said that the police are investigating whether it is an election promotion or a false flag operation by the Chinese Communist Party, and reminded voters to deal with all kinds of propaganda close to the election with caution.

自由时报
2 min read
Jiang Wanan is feeling unwell and cancels the trip! Zhao Xiaohui reveals: Get vaccinated for Saturday’s debate
Developing·

Jiang Wanan is feeling unwell and cancels the trip! Zhao Xiaohui reveals: Get vaccinated for Saturday’s debate

With 30 days left before the nine-in-one election, Taipei Mayor Chiang Wanan canceled his public schedule due to physical discomfort, leaving his wife Shi Fanggen to sweep the streets on his behalf. Writer Zhao Xiaohui pointed out that the move was an inoculation for Saturday's televised debate, and that poor performance could be blamed on health problems.

自由时报
4 min read
New Taipei City Councilor Liao Yikun is accused of election bribery. Green camp people: a serious test for a key seat in the majority
Developing·

New Taipei City Councilor Liao Yikun is accused of election bribery. Green camp people: a serious test for a key seat in the majority

Democratic Progressive Party New Taipei City Councilor Liao Yikun was suspected of bribery by offering free kitchen knife sharpening services and hosting dinner parties. He was detained and banned from public appearance after an investigation and review. The case shocked the local political arena and posed a serious test to the Democratic Progressive Party's bid for a majority of seats in the New Taipei City Council.

自由时报
2 min read
In an exclusive interview, Wang Weizhong shoots well! Jiang Wanan was in trouble on the first goal. Wen Langdong graduated too long ago
Developing·

In an exclusive interview, Wang Weizhong shoots well! Jiang Wanan was in trouble on the first goal. Wen Langdong graduated too long ago

Taipei Mayor Chiang Wanan and his wife Shi Fanggen recently accepted an exclusive interview with program producer Wang Weizhong. Political commentator Wen Langdong analyzed that the interview was like a "battling practice field". Wang Weizhong frequently made moves but Jiang Wanan failed to perform effectively. Then Chiang's team announced that Jiang Wanan was unwell and would rest until Saturday's debate.

自由时报
4 min read
After 30 years of "holding hands", we handed over the answers to Beijing and Mongolia's unity
Politics·

After 30 years of "holding hands", we handed over the answers to Beijing and Mongolia's unity

Over the past 30 years, Beijing has invested a total of 17.8 billion yuan in financial aid to promote Beijing-Mongolia cooperation, implemented 6,773 cooperation projects, and achieved remarkable results in the fields of industry, consumption, labor, rural construction, and social undertakings. Inner Mongolia has ranked "good" in the national east-west cooperation assessment for 8 consecutive years.

中国新闻网
9 min read
More on this topic以色列