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Back秋季花粉过敏高发 专家支招防范与应对
秋季花粉过敏高发 专家支招防范与应对
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中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth3 min readChina

秋季花粉过敏高发 专家支招防范与应对

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国家卫生健康委和中国气象局发布花粉浓度预报,预计9月9日至14日北京等地花粉浓度高。中日友好医院皮肤科副主任盛宇俊解释秋季过敏主要由蒿属、豚草、葎草等杂草花粉引起,症状易被误认为感冒,并提供防护建议和应对措施。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

秋季是花粉过敏高发季节,尤其以杂草花粉为主要过敏原。北京等地近期花粉浓度升高,提醒公众注意防范。

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中新网北京9月13日电 (钟余)国家卫生健康委、中国气象局日前联合发布最新花粉浓度预报,预计9月9日至14日,北京、天津、河北北部、陕西北部的部分地区花粉浓度处于高等级(4级)。目前,北京草本植物已陆续进入散粉期,预计9月迎来花粉释放高峰期。

秋季花粉过敏高发,易感人群如何防范?中新健康记者就此采访了中日友好医院皮肤科副主任盛宇俊。

秋季花粉过敏的“元凶”

不少人疑惑:“我明明没接触花,为啥会花粉过敏?”

盛宇俊解释,和春天以树木花粉为主不同,秋天的过敏基本都是杂草花粉惹的祸。其中威力最大、最常见的是以下三种。

1.蒿属花粉:北方地区的“头号过敏原”,路边、野外常见的艾蒿、黄花蒿都属于这类,每年8月至10月大量散粉。

2.豚草花粉:致敏性极强,哪怕只吸入少量花粉,也可能引发严重过敏,在东北、华北、华东分布广泛,严重时会诱发哮喘。

3.葎草花粉:俗称的“拉拉秧”,繁殖能力强、花粉期长,全国大部分地区都能见到。

除此之外,藜草、苍耳、地肤等杂草的花粉,也可能会引发秋季过敏。

别把花粉过敏当感冒

为什么秋季过敏更悄无声息?

盛宇俊指出,春天的杨絮、柳絮满天飞,大家一眼就能看见。但秋季的杂草花粉直径更小,比头发丝还细,吸入时几乎无感觉,更像“隐形的敌人”。此外,秋季花粉过敏的症状如咽干、咳嗽、鼻塞等,也容易被误以为是感冒或“秋燥”,直到症状加重才发现是过敏。

怎么判断是不是过敏了?

盛宇俊指出,花粉过敏有以下几个典型表现。

1.鼻子最常见。阵发性连续打喷嚏、流大量清水鼻涕、鼻塞、鼻子里发痒,是过敏性鼻炎的典型表现。

2.眼睛常受累。眼睛痒、发红、流泪、眼皮肿,可能是过敏性结膜炎,小孩子若总揉眼睛就要特别当心。

3.注意咽喉和气道。出现嗓子发痒、刺激性干咳,症状严重的会胸闷、喘气费劲,甚至诱发过敏性哮喘。

4.皮肤也会中招。面部、颈部等外露皮肤发痒、起红斑或风团,原有湿疹者可能加重。

出现症状了,怎么办?

盛宇俊建议,若出现花粉过敏症状,可以按以下三步处理。

1.立即切断接触。尽快进到室内,关好门窗。回家后马上换掉外衣,用清水洗脸、冲洗鼻腔、梳理头发,把沾在身上的花粉清理掉。

2.物理缓解。用生理盐水冲洗鼻腔,能冲掉大部分花粉和炎性分泌物,快速缓解鼻子不舒服;眼睛痒可以用凉毛巾湿敷。

3.这些情况马上就医。自行用药后症状未缓解,或出现胸闷、喘息或呼吸困难等症状,尤其是有哮喘病史者,应立即就医。

易感人群防护要点

对于易感人群,盛宇俊给出了5条防护建议。

1.挑对时间出门。大风、干燥天气花粉扩散更厉害,尽量减少外出;雨后花粉浓度下降,更适合出门。

2.外出做好“武装”。佩戴N95或KN95口罩,搭配护目镜,穿长袖衣裤,尽量别在草地、郊外长时间停留。

3.室内做好阻隔。关闭门窗,可考虑使用带HEPA滤网的空气净化器;衣物、被褥尽量在室内晾晒,避免室外附着花粉。

4.提前用药。每年都犯过敏的人,可考虑在花粉期前1-2周启动预防用药,以减轻症状。

5.稳住自身免疫力。避免熬夜、过度劳累,保持规律作息、均衡饮食、适度运动。免疫紊乱会加重过敏反应。

盛宇俊提醒,有哮喘、慢阻肺、高血压等基础病的老年人,过敏可能诱发或加重旧病,要严格规避过敏原。同时,部分老年人感官敏感度下降,过敏时不一定说“痒”,家属要留意反复揉鼻子、夜间咳嗽、憋气等表现,避免延误诊治。

对于儿童,家长要留意孩子反复揉鼻子和眼睛、夜间打鼾等异常表现。用药须使用儿童专用剂型,绝对不能给孩子吃成人药。另外,反复过敏可能影响睡眠、注意力,甚至生长发育,频繁发作的孩子建议就医完善过敏原检测,必要时开展脱敏治疗。(完)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 北京地区花粉浓度将在9月迎来释放高峰期

    Very likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 本次花粉高峰期的确切结束时间是什么时候?
  • 不同地区的花粉种类分布是否有显著差异?
  • 脱敏治疗在儿童中的长期效果如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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