
歐洲北約成員國的國防和情報官員警告,俄羅斯正透過混合戰手段挑釁歐洲,現有嚇阻能力不足,需發展新手段遏止莫斯科,否則可能升高衝突風險。萊比錫機場無人機襲擊未遂事件被視為轉捩點,凸顯俄羅斯在歐洲的秘密侵略行動日益頻繁。
AI-generated summary
俄羅斯與烏克蘭衝突陷入僵局,俄羅斯轉而在歐洲透過代理人和情報機構發動混合戰,包括假消息、網路攻擊、縱火和破壞基礎設施,旨在破壞社會穩定而不觸發北約第5條集體防衛機制。
(中央社布魯塞爾6日綜合外電報導)國防和情報官員警告,歐洲的北約成員國未能有效嚇阻俄羅斯對歐洲發動的「混合戰」,各國須迅速發展新手段遏制莫斯科,否則恐有升高衝突之虞。
英國金融時報(Financial Times)報導,官員表示,德國萊比錫-哈雷機場(Leipzig-Halle Airport)上月發生搭載軍用級炸藥無人機攻擊未遂事件,凸顯俄羅斯對北大西洋公約組織(NATO)採取侵略行動卻未受到有效遏止,也顯示現有嚇阻手段不足。官員指出,歐洲各國政府必須採取集體行動應對。
這起險些釀成嚴重後果的攻擊事件,也讓歐洲更加警覺俄羅斯正加強對歐洲發動「混合戰」;北約也未能有效阻止俄羅斯發動不會觸發「第5條」集體防衛機制的攻擊。
一名西方高階防務官員表示:「我們顯然做得不夠,無法嚇阻低於第5條門檻的挑釁行動。我們的嚇阻能力足以防止俄羅斯升高傳統軍事與核武衝突,但我們確實需要重新思考應對混合戰的方式。」
俄羅斯正規軍與烏克蘭部隊陷入僵局之際,過去2年來俄羅斯代理人與情報機構也在歐洲發動一場祕密侵略戰,包括散播假消息、發動網路攻擊、縱火焚燒倉庫、鎖定政治人物的住家與汽車,以及切斷或破壞海底電纜等。
這類行動正是軍事理論家所稱的「混合」衝突典型手段,通常成本低廉、難以追查幕後主使者,並由間諜或其他勢力代為執行,目的在於破壞社會穩定,同時避免跨越傳統武裝入侵或攻擊的門檻。
另名西方高階官員表示,柏林上週正式認定萊比錫機場攻擊事件是俄羅斯所為,這起事件被視為轉捩點,且對歐洲北約成員國首都造成「非常、非常嚴重的影響」。這名官員說,各國仍在「最高層級」持續討論,以制定長期且可持續的應對方案。
美國總統川普上任後,對俄政策方向有所轉變,也讓北約的盤算更加複雜。前總統拜登政府曾堅定警告莫斯科不要攻擊北約,川普則試圖淡化俄羅斯總統普丁(Vladimir Putin)構成的威脅。
官員表示,歐洲各國情報機構正準備面對俄羅斯「滋擾性」攻擊行動增多,包括蓄意破壞民用目標、製造混亂甚至縱火。這些行動可能配合明年法國、義大利及波蘭等國一系列關鍵選舉展開。
英國智庫「皇家國際事務研究所」(Chatham House)資深研究員佳爾斯(Keir Giles)表示,「問題在於,什麼程度的攻擊才算觸發第5條,界線相當模糊…如果我們不讓俄羅斯付出代價,他們就會繼續得寸進尺。」
一名北約前線國家的高階官員指出,「我們顯然已看到,俄羅斯承受風險的意願與魯莽程度都在提高」,而且俄羅斯相關活動已達到「前所未見的程度」。
這名官員表示,「低於門檻」的攻擊讓莫斯科得以不斷試探底線。他強調,「我們不能讓這成為新常態。」
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
歐洲北約成員國將在最高層級持續討論並制定長期可持續的混合戰應對方案
Very likely · Within months
俄羅斯在歐洲的混合戰行動將繼續增加,特別是配合關鍵選舉期間
Likely · Within months
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