
最高人民法院发布植物新品种保护典型案例,涉及一起蓝莓苗侵权纠纷。某种植基地自称通过关系偷取枝条,未经许可生产销售西班牙普拉布鲁1542蓝莓品种,法院认定其构成“以侵权为业”,适用惩罚性赔偿,维持原判赔偿经济损失14.4万元及维权开支1万元。
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世界粮食日即将到来,最高人民法院发布植物新品种保护典型案例以加强知识产权司法保护。
中新网北京10月14日电(记者 高萌)在10月16日世界粮食日即将到来之际,14日,最高人民法院发布一批植物新品种保护典型案例。在其中一个案例中,一个种植基地自称“找关系偷取枝条”种植销售一未授权品种的蓝莓苗,法院对其适用了惩罚性赔偿。
最高法介绍,在该案例中,西班牙某植物股份有限公司系“普拉布鲁1542(Plablue1542)”蓝莓品种的植物新品种权人。某农业公司系该品种在中国的被许可人,并经授权有权以自己的名义维权。某种植基地成立于2024年7月18日,其销售人员的微信朋友圈自同年7月、抖音账号自同年9月起持续对外宣传销售蓝莓种苗,展示大量育苗基地、瓶苗及幼苗场景。同年7月30日,某农业公司通过公证取证方式前往种植基地购买被诉侵权蓝莓苗。基地内种植了大量蓝莓苗,其销售人员在现场使用“西班牙42”指代被诉侵权品种,自述培育的蓝莓苗包含“42”及其他多个品种,单批次育苗总量达12万株,并称“枝条是找关系偷偷取的枝条”“42是从为某农业公司进行组配的公司拿的瓶苗”。在12万株蓝莓苗中,被诉侵权品种为2万株,另一蓝莓品种占全部种苗的半数。某种植基地没有就该另一品种经合法许可的来源作出合理说明或提供证据证明。经检测,某农业公司购买的被诉侵权蓝莓苗与“普拉布鲁1542(Plablue1542)”为极近似或相同品种。
云南省昆明市中级人民法院一审认为,某种植基地明知其未获许可仍生产、繁殖、销售、许诺销售被诉侵权蓝莓苗,具有侵权故意。该种植基地除生产、繁殖被诉侵权蓝莓品种外,还未经许可生产了另一品种且该品种占所培育批次数量的一半。据此,可以推定某种植基地生产、繁殖、销售的蓝莓种苗中超过67%未经合法授权,为侵权种苗,应认定为以侵害品种权为业。一审法院据此适用惩罚性赔偿,判令某种植基地赔偿某农业公司经济损失共计144000元、维权合理开支1万元。某种植基地不服,提起上诉。
最高人民法院二审认为,某种植基地明知其销售的“西班牙42”系他人授权品种,仍然未经许可进行生产、繁殖、销售、许诺销售,具有侵权故意。除被诉侵权蓝莓品种以外,某种植基地种植的另一蓝莓品种占半数以上,结合销售人员关于枝条和繁殖材料来源的陈述,以及未能就来源作出合理说明或举证,可以认定上述蓝莓苗系通过非法方式获得。某种植基地在成立之初就通过非法方式获得蓝莓的繁殖材料进行生产、繁殖,且未经许可生产的蓝莓品种占大多数,应认定构成“以侵权为业”,依法应适用惩罚性赔偿。故二审判决驳回上诉,维持原判。
最高法表示,该案系人民法院平等保护中外育种者创新成果的典型案例。该案细化了“以侵权为业”的司法认定标准,结合侵权方自设立即开展侵权活动,且生产繁育的苗木中未经合法授权的侵权品种占大多数的案件事实,认定侵权方构成以侵权为业并适用惩罚性赔偿,加大了对种苗繁育源头侵权行为的打击力度。(完)

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