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Back健康醫療網》肝癌晚期不再只是延命 醫:部分患者可藉1療法降期爭取後續處置
健康醫療網》肝癌晚期不再只是延命 醫:部分患者可藉1療法降期爭取後續處置
Health
自由时报3 hours agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

健康醫療網》肝癌晚期不再只是延命 醫:部分患者可藉1療法降期爭取後續處置

Quick Look

高雄長庚紀念醫院洪肇宏主任指出,肝癌早期病變常無明顯症狀,台灣逾4成患者確診時已進入中晚期。隨著標靶藥物、免疫治療及局部療法發展,部分中晚期患者接受治療後腫瘤縮小,可透過「Conversion curative therapy」重新評估根除性治療機會,如消融、手術或肝臟移植。他提醒B肝、C肝、慢性肝炎及肝硬化患者應依風險定期追蹤,以避免延誤治療時機。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

肝臟早期病變通常缺乏明顯症狀,部分患者直到出現不適才接受檢查,確診時已進入中晚期。台灣透過B、C肝篩檢發現的極早期及早期肝癌,約占初次確診患者4成以上,但仍有約4至5成患者確診時已進入中晚期。

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◎ 健康醫療網

由於肝臟早期病變通常缺乏明顯症狀,部分患者直到出現不適才接受檢查,確診時已進入中晚期。高雄長庚紀念醫院胃腸肝膽科系系主任洪肇宏表示,在過去,中晚期肝癌患者的治療目標多以延命、控制病情為主,但隨著標靶藥物、免疫治療及局部療法持續發展,治療目標已不僅是延長存活,部分對治療反應較佳的患者,還可能透過「Conversion curative therapy」在腫瘤縮小後進一步爭取消融、手術或肝臟移植等根除性治療機會。

台灣逾4成患者確診已是中晚期 有症狀再檢查往往太遲

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洪肇宏主任指出,依巴塞隆納臨床肝癌分期(BCLC分期),肝癌可分為極早期(BCLC 0期)、早期(BCLC A期)、中期(BCLC B期)、晚期(BCLC C期)及末期(BCLC D期)。極早期與早期患者通常可接受消融、手術、換肝等治療,臨床統計5年存活率約可超過5成;中期患者過去多以「肝動脈栓塞治療(TACE)」為主,晚期患者則以全身性藥物治療為主,包含標靶藥物與免疫治療。

有臨床統計也提到,台灣透過B、C肝篩檢發現的極早期及早期肝癌,約占初次確診患者4成以上,但仍有約4至5成患者確診時已進入中晚期。洪醫師說,肝臟被稱為「沉默的器官」,患者若等到出現症狀才就醫,疾病往往已非早期,他也呼籲B肝、C肝、慢性肝炎及肝硬化患者應依風險定期追蹤,其中肝硬化患者通常每3至6個月檢查一次,而慢性肝炎患者則約每6至12個月追蹤一次。

從延長存活走向Conversion curative therapy 腫瘤縮小後可再評估根除機會

針對不幸確診肝癌,且已是中晚期的患者,洪肇宏主任表示,隨著標靶及免疫治療發展,部分中晚期患者接受免疫治療、免疫合併抗血管新生標靶藥物治療或其他全身性治療後,腫瘤可能縮小,原本侵犯血管或無法切除的病灶也可能獲得控制,存活期也與傳統治療有所差異,醫師除控制腫瘤外,還會盡可能維持患者肝功能與身體狀態,為後續「Conversion curative therapy」保留空間。

洪肇宏主任說,所謂「Conversion curative therapy」,就是讓原先不適合消融、手術、換肝的患者,經治療後降期以重新取得根除性療法的機會,但是否能進一步接受手術,仍須依腫瘤範圍、肝功能及整體身體狀況,由跨專科團隊評估。

約3成患者出現不同腫瘤反應 完全緩解不等於治癒

洪肇宏主任指出,中晚期肝癌患者接受免疫治療或免疫合併抗血管新生標靶治療後,臨床統計提到約有3成可出現不同程度的腫瘤反應,其中約1成可能達到「完全緩解(Complete response)」。完全緩解可能是經影像檢查病灶完全消失,且過一段時間後未發現仍具活性的腫瘤組織,不過完全緩解並不等同於保證治癒,患者仍須持續於門診追蹤是否復發。

晚期肝癌合併肺轉移 治療3年後接受活體換肝

洪肇宏主任分享,一名60多歲患者於2020年底確診晚期肝癌,腫瘤接近10公分並已侵犯肝門靜脈,但因肝硬化及肝臟體積較小,無法直接接受手術切除。於是先接受放射治療,之後再接受免疫合併抗血管新生標靶治療,後續影像檢查顯示原發性腫瘤大小與治療前有所差異,雖在治療期間再度出現遠端轉移,也以手術順利切除。

患者接受約3年治療後病況逐漸穩定,停用免疫治療並觀察約1年,經外科團隊評估後,於2023年12月接受活體肝臟移植。截至2026年7月,換肝已超過2年半,目前仍持續於門診追蹤後續病況。不過洪肇宏主任強調,個案不能套用於所有已發生遠端轉移的患者,但也反映部分治療反應較好的患者,確實可能有機會重新爭取根除性治療。

免疫治療仍可能出現嚴重副作用 治療前須完整評估

免疫治療或免疫合併抗血管新生標靶治療通常每3至4周施打一次,部分患者可在治療期間維持日常活動,但仍可能出現免疫性肺炎、肝炎,或甲狀腺與腎上腺功能異常等副作用,少數患者反應可能較嚴重,須及早由醫療團隊辨識並考慮使用類固醇藥物或其他免疫抑制療法控制症狀。

也因此,洪肇宏主任提醒,患者接受治療前須評估肝、腎、腸胃道、甲狀腺及腎上腺等多重器官的功能,若已有較嚴重的食道靜脈曲張、胃潰瘍或自體免疫疾病,也須先進一步處置並考慮改採其他治療策略。他也強調,中晚期肝癌治療選擇雖比過去增加,但仍須依個別病況規畫,不宜自行以單一案例推估療效。

洪肇宏醫師說,肝臟被稱為「沉默的器官」,患者若等到出現症狀才就醫,疾病往往已非早期,他也呼籲B肝、C肝、慢性肝炎及肝硬化患者應依風險定期追蹤。(取自貼文)

本文授權轉載自健康醫療網/記者林則澄、潘昱僑報導 肝癌晚期不再只是延命 醫:部分患者可藉1療法降期爭取後續處置

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來將有更多中晚期肝癌患者經系統治療後腫瘤縮小,符合手術或移植標準

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • Conversion curative therapy 在不同肝癌分期中的成功率是多少?
  • 哪些具體標靶藥物與免疫治療組合對腫瘤降效最佳?
  • 長期免疫治療的副作用管理策略有哪些?

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