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Back北京食言!智庫:釜山協議簽署1年 中國對美稀土出口量反減75%
北京食言!智庫:釜山協議簽署1年 中國對美稀土出口量反減75%
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自由时报38 minutes agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

北京食言!智庫:釜山協議簽署1年 中國對美稀土出口量反減75%

報告指中國對美和日本稀土出口大幅下降,對世界其他地區出口卻大幅增加,顯示北京人為調控關鍵礦產分配

Quick Look

華府智庫CSIS報告指出,自2025年10月30日美中在南韓釜山達成貿易休戰協議後,中國對美國稀土出口量不增反減,月均從76.8噸降至19.3噸,降幅近75%。釔等重稀土進口降幅更大,已導致北美航太供應商暫停生產。美國財長與貿易代表已要求中國履行釜山承諾,貿易休戰延長至2027年1月10日。

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Why It Matters

美國總統川普與中國國家主席習近平於2025年10月30日在南韓釜山達成貿易休戰協議,中國承諾增加對美國稀土出口,並將稀土出口管制措施暫停1年,美國則降低對中關稅並暫停部分半導體出口管制。貿易休戰原定於2026年11月到期,後於2026年9月共同宣布延長至2027年1月10日。

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華府智庫「戰略與國際研究中心」(CSIS)10日在官網發布最新報告指出,自美國總統川普與中國國家主席習近平2025年10月30日在南韓釜山達成貿易休戰協議,中國承諾增加對美國稀土出口後,近1年多來,中國對美國的稀土出口量甚至低於中國在2025年4月實施全面出口管制之前的水準。

報告說,2024年6月至2025年3月,美國平均每月從中國進口76.8噸稀土化合物和金屬。在釜山川習會達成協議後,自2025年11月至2026年9月的11個月裡,美國平均每月從中國進口的稀土化合物和金屬數量下降至19.3噸,降幅近75%。

部分重稀土的進口量降幅更大。以釔為例,在中國2025年4月實施出口管制前,美國在8個月內進口了333噸釔;而在實施出口管制後的8個月裡,進口量只有17噸,降幅約95%。

報告說,釔短缺隨後成為美國航空航太業的一大隱憂,因為釔被用於保護噴射發動機和其他高溫零組件的特種塗層中。2026年2月,北美2家航太塗層供應商因釔短缺而暫時停產。另1家供應商的庫存已耗盡,並停止銷售含氧化釔的產品。這些中斷顯示,供應管制不再是預期風險,而是引起了實際的生產中斷。

除了航天航空產業,美國的汽車、半導體和國防產業,至今仍面臨相關稀土原料短缺問題。

報告指出,中國的稀土出口管制措施有針對性,並非適用於所有國家。中國的出口數據顯示,在「釜山協議」簽署後的10個月內,中國相關稀土原料的出口總量僅下降2.5%,但對美國和日本的出口量合計下降了58%。與此同時,中國對世界其他地區的稀土原料出口增加近146%。

報告分析指出,這顯示北京當局在人為調控哪些國家能拿到稀土關鍵物資。

美國財政部日前發表聲明指出,美國財長貝森特和貿易代表葛里爾6日與中國副總理何立峰通話,要求中國立即全面履行去年在釜山達成的承諾,尤其是稀土和其他關鍵礦產的供應。

根據「釜山協議」,中國同意把稀土出口管制措施暫停1年,美國則降低對中關稅,並暫停部分半導體出口管制。不過,中國原有的出口許可制度並未取消。原定將於今年11月到期的貿易休戰截止日期,美中兩國已在今年9月共同宣布,將延長至2027年1月10日。

報告指出,目前的核心問題在於,華府能否逼迫北京當局履行承諾,把「釜山協議」轉化為穩定的稀土供應,還是中國會繼續利用貿易談判拖延時間,繼續把關鍵礦產供應鏈當作籌碼。隨著貿易休戰將於2027年1月10日到期,這個問題越發受到關注。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國將繼續施壓中國履行釜山協議中的稀土供應承諾

    Likely · Within months

  • 貿易休戰到期前,美中在關鍵礦產供應上的博弈將持續

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 中國是否會在2027年1月10日貿易休戰到期前履行釜山協議承諾?
  • 美國將採取什麼措施逼迫北京履行稀土供應承諾?
  • 北美航太塗層供應商的生產中斷將持續多久?

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