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Back最大射程衝1.8萬公里!東風-61核飛彈加速部署 共軍核威懾戰力躍進
最大射程衝1.8萬公里!東風-61核飛彈加速部署 共軍核威懾戰力躍進
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自由时报5 hours agoDefense3 min readChinaView translation

最大射程衝1.8萬公里!東風-61核飛彈加速部署 共軍核威懾戰力躍進

專家分析東風-61部署進度與技術背景,西方對其是否為全新設計存有分歧

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中國新型洲際彈道飛彈「東風-61」投入人民解放軍常態化訓練,進度快於傳統型號。專家推測其射程可達1萬8000公里並搭載12枚核彈頭,但西方分析師對其是否為東風-41的升級版及實際作戰能力存有疑慮。

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Why It Matters

東風-61於2025年9月北京閱兵式首度亮相。中國火箭軍目前擁有東風-5、東風-31及東風-41等洲際飛彈。

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最新型陸基洲際彈道飛彈「東風-61」,推測最大射程約1萬8000公里,可搭載12枚核彈頭。(路透檔案照)

中國中央電視台報導,中國最新型陸基洲際彈道飛彈(ICBM)「東風-61」,正以遠快於過去洲際飛彈的速度,投入人民解放軍的常態化軍事訓練,引發外界關注,共軍在將新型戰略飛彈整合至其核武部隊的效率是否正在提升。

香港「南華早報」8日報導,曾任解放軍火箭軍研究員的邵永靈向央視表示,東風-61從2025年9月在北京閱兵式上首度公開亮相,到如今投入常態化訓練,其進度「遠快於傳統洲際飛彈形成戰鬥力的週期」。

她指出,該型飛彈在亮相前已完成研發、定型、試裝及可靠度查證,顯示技術已相當成熟;且其與火箭軍現有的指揮、通訊和支援網絡高度相容,使部隊能迅速熟悉這款新武器。

中國官方迄今並未公布東風-61的技術規格。據不同機構估計,其射程可能介於1萬2000公里至1萬5000公里之間,而國防情報公司詹氏(Janes)則推測其最大射程約1萬8000公里,並可搭載多達12枚核彈頭。目前火箭軍的核武庫中,還包括東風-5、東風-31及東風-41等洲際飛彈。

對於東風-61的快速進展,西方分析人士有不同解讀。卡內基國際和平基金會(CEIP)核武專家潘達(Ankit Panda)表示,從公開來源與美國情報評估來看,早期的中國洲際飛彈確實需要更長的時間才能服役,東風-61的進展「似乎明顯快得多」。

然而,同為卡內基學者的趙通(Tong Zhao)指出,如果東風-61是全新設計,這種速度確實極不尋常;但若它只是東風-41的升級版,針對發射程序、生存能力或突破飛彈防禦系統的能力進行改良,這種速度就顯得合情合理。

美國科學家聯盟(FAS)核資訊計畫研究員奈特—波以耳(Mackenzie Knight-Boyle)進一步說明,東風-61與東風-41擁有幾乎相同的發射車與飛彈發射筒,「我們不能據此假設火箭軍在開發新型洲際飛彈上變得更快或更有效率。」

除了研發進度,東風-61的實際作戰準備狀態也難以查證。一名要求匿名的前美國情報分析師表示,目前尚未看到任何能證實東風-61部隊已具備作戰能力的衛星影像。飛彈的部署還取決於基礎設施的完善,以及是否有足夠的飛彈與發射車產能。

在廣泛的戰略影響方面,美國塔弗茲大學(Tufts University)安全研究助理教授羅根(David Logan)認為,中國核武部隊的生存能力不斷提高,降低對美國核武第一擊的脆弱性,可能會使北京在動用軍事武力時更加大膽;但對自身武器生存能力的自信,也可能減緩擔心武器被毀而急於使用的恐懼,進而降低意外升級的風險。

潘達指出,東風-61這類系統將導致美方對中國彈性擴張及塑造戰略武力能力的不確定性增加,可能會加劇美國的不安全感,並強化競爭壓力。

Open Questions

  • 東風-61是否為全新設計或東風-41的升級版?
  • 該型飛彈目前的實際作戰部署狀態為何?

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