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Back台灣晶片人才成獵物?中國最高開10倍薪,專家警告長期恐傷護城河
台灣晶片人才成獵物?中國最高開10倍薪,專家警告長期恐傷護城河
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自由时报17 minutes agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

台灣晶片人才成獵物?中國最高開10倍薪,專家警告長期恐傷護城河

Quick Look

外媒報導中國企業透過第三地空殼公司及非中國籍人士登記掩飾實際控制,並以最高達當地薪資10倍的高薪挖角台灣半導體人才。專家警告,人才流失與隱性所有權可能削弱台灣晶片產業長期競爭優勢,尤其在中美晶片戰背景下,最終實益所有權透明度成為關鍵防護。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

自2020年以來,台灣法務部調查局已調查166起中國企業涉嫌竊取台灣營業秘密案件,目前已有36起明確定罪。中國企業雖可在台營運,但依《兩岸人民關係條例》須取得政府核准,因此可能透過第三國空殼公司或非中國籍人士登記掩飾實際背景。

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台灣晶片人才成獵物?外媒報導,中國最高開10倍薪,專家示警長期恐傷護城河。(路透)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕中國科技公司竟可能就藏在台灣「眼皮底下」?外媒示警,台灣晶片戰真正的隱憂,未必只在設備或技術外流,而是部分中國企業可能透過第三地空殼公司、非中國籍人士登記等方式掩飾實際控制關係,同時以高薪鎖定台灣半導體人才。

外媒《Cybernews》報導,中國公司提供給台灣晶片工人的薪水最高可達當地薪資的10倍,其關鍵是,中國需要經驗豐富的半導體工人來幫助其晶片產業迎頭趕上,而世界上缺乏足夠的專業知識來建造和運營先進的晶圓廠;因此,真正的寶藏可能是台灣的晶片專家。專家警告稱,人才流失和隱性所有權可能會隨著時間的推移削弱台灣在晶片領域的統治地位。

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自2020年以來,台灣法務部調查局已調查166起中國企業涉嫌竊取台灣營業秘密案件,目前已有36起明確定罪。中國企業雖可在台營運,但依《兩岸人民關係條例》須取得政府核准,也因此產生掩飾實際背景的誘因。

台灣調查人員指出,部分企業可能透過第三國設立空殼公司,或由非中國籍人士登記,使公司表面看似台灣企業,或與中國沒有明顯關聯。外媒認為,若監管單位無法確認一家公司的真正所有人,誰正在接觸台灣科技產業、誰又可能取得關鍵人才與知識,就會變得更難判斷。

供應鏈管理公司Exiger策略暨全球事務長康克林(Kit Conklin)形容,這是「極為嚴重的威脅」。他指出,涉及人工智慧等軍民兩用或關鍵科技的中國企業,尤其擅長掩飾與中國軍方或其他敏感最終使用者之間的連結。也因此,企業「最終到底由誰擁有或控制」變得格外重要。

康克林認為,若監管機關無法掌握最終實益所有人,就難以確認究竟誰真正進入台灣科技產業。他主張台灣建立公開、集中管理的最終實益所有權(UBO)資料庫,提高隱藏控制關係的難度。

相關調查也不限於陌生新創公司,報導指出,小米、OnePlus、Oppo以及中芯國際等中國大型科技企業,都曾在相關調查報導中被點名。不過,真正更有價值的目標可能是「人」。

報導指出,中國企業被指積極招攬台灣半導體人才,開出的薪資可能是本地數倍,部分甚至高達10倍。康克林認為,原因很簡單:中國希望自己的半導體產業加速追趕,而全球真正熟悉先進晶圓廠製造、設計與營運的人才本來就有限。

康克林指出,晶圓廠是「人類打造過最複雜的科技之一」,而人才正是產業發展的重要瓶頸。一名資深台灣晶片工程師所累積的製造、設計與故障排除經驗,並不是單靠設備投資就能快速複製。他警告,如果這類人才持續流失,長期可能削弱台灣目前龐大的半導體優勢。他甚至以德國汽車業為例,認為若無法保護既有產業優勢,最終可能出現產業空洞化風險。

這場競爭也發生在更大的中美晶片戰背景下。中國正努力建立自主半導體產業,美國則持續限制北京取得先進晶片與製造技術。Conklin認為,晶片戰的前線正在進入供應鏈本身,美方也將加強關注協助取得受限制技術的前台公司與殼公司。

對台灣而言,真正難題不只是防止技術被拿走,而是如何看清藏在企業登記背後的控制關係,同時守住最難被複製、也最容易被高薪挖走的晶片人才。

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What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 台灣將在未來6個月內提出最終實益所有權(UBO)公開資料庫的立法或行政措施

    Likely · Within months

  • 中國企業透過第三地實體在台投資的案件將持續增加,直至台灣加強審查機制為止

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 台灣現有法規是否足以有效偵測及阻止透過第三地實體掩飾的中國企業控制?
  • 最終實益所有權(UBO)資料庫在台灣的建置時間表與執行力度為何?
  • 除了薪資外,中國企業尚有哪些具體手段用以挖角台灣半導體人才?
  • 美國在限制中國取得先進晶片技術同時,是否會加強對台資企業在中國的投資審查?

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