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Back手足口病进入高发期,中国疾控中心发布防控提示
手足口病进入高发期,中国疾控中心发布防控提示
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中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

手足口病进入高发期,中国疾控中心发布防控提示

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中国疾控中心提醒手足口病进入夏秋高发期,通过消化道、密切接触和呼吸道飞沫传播,建议勤洗手、通风消毒、患儿居家隔离及及时接种EVA71疫苗以切断传播链条,并纠正家长常见防控误区。

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Why It Matters

夏秋换季是儿童传染病高发时段,手足口病由肠道病毒感染引起,传染性强,低龄儿童易感,少数重症病例可能引发并发症。

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中国疾控中心发布提示——

手足口病进入高发期,这样预防别大意

夏秋换季期是儿童传染病高发时段,手足口病是困扰家长和孩子的常见病之一。不少家长误以为它只是“手脚长小疹子”的轻微小病而没有重视。实际上,该病由肠道病毒感染所致,传染性极强,传播途径多样,低龄儿童普遍易感,少数重症病例还可能引发并发症,威胁身体健康。

近日,中国疾控中心提醒,手足口病防控重在提前阻断传播,而非病后治疗。只要精准切断传播途径,落实科学防护措施,就能有效守护儿童健康。

手足口病怎么传播

1.消化道传播(粪口途径,核心传播方式)

这是肠道病毒最主要的传播渠道。感染病毒的孩子,粪便中会携带大量病毒,且排毒时间可持续数周。若孩子便后未及时洗手,或家长护理后未消毒,病毒就会附着在双手及餐具、玩具、门把手等物品表面。孩子接触被污染的物品后,或食用被污染的食物、生水,病毒就会侵入体内引发感染。

2.密切接触传播(高发日常传播方式)

患者的唾液、鼻腔分泌物、皮肤疱疹液中含有大量活性病毒。儿童共用毛巾、水杯、玩具、衣物,或直接接触患儿皮疹、唾液,都可能感染病毒。在幼儿园、游乐场等儿童聚集场所,极易出现交叉感染和聚集性疫情。

3.呼吸道飞沫传播(最隐蔽传播方式)

患儿咳嗽、打喷嚏时产生的飞沫会携带病毒悬浮在空气中,健康孩子近距离吸入即可感染。密闭、拥挤、通风差的室内环境,会大幅提升飞沫传播的风险。

如何切断传播链条

1.勤洗手

手是肠道病毒的主要传播媒介,家长应督促孩子在饭前便后、外出归来、接触公共物品后,使用流动水配合洗手液按七步洗手法洗手,时长不少于20秒,纠正吃手、揉眼等不良习惯。免洗洗手液仅可应急,不能替代流动水洗手。家长护理孩子、处理污物后同样需要做好手部清洁。

2.做好通风和环境消杀

日常对餐具煮沸消毒,玩具、门把手等高频接触物选用含氯消毒剂擦拭,暴晒处理织物;居室、教室每日通风2—3次,每次不少于30分钟,保持室内干燥通风,减少病毒在密闭环境的扩散。

3.患儿尽量居家

高发季节,尽量少带儿童前往密闭的人员密集场所;学校落实晨午检,发现学生出现发热、出疹、口腔溃疡等症状时,及时送医,严禁带病返校。患儿需居家隔离,待症状完全痊愈后方可返园返校,避免持续传播。

4.及时接种疫苗,守住重症底线

EVA71灭活疫苗可有效预防该型病毒所致重症手足口病,建议6月龄—5岁儿童尽早全程接种。该疫苗不能覆盖全部肠道病毒血清型,接种后仍需坚持落实日常防护措施。

避开常见防控误区

家长需重点规避以下认知误区:

误区一:只有手脚出疹才是手足口病

部分患儿仅出现口腔疱疹、发热咽痛,无手足皮疹,但同样具有传染性,需及时排查。

误区二:患病一次即可终身免疫

常见的导致手足口病的肠道病毒有20余种,感染一种仅对该型别免疫,儿童仍可能反复感染,需常年做好防护。

误区三:轻症无需就医

轻症可自愈,但若孩子出现持续高热、精神萎靡、肢体抖动、频繁呕吐等症状,属于重症前兆,需立即就医,切勿拖延。

中国疾控中心提醒,手足口病可防可控,无需过度紧张,但不可麻痹大意。家校联动,做好手部防护、环境消杀、通风隔离、疫苗接种,坚守每一项防控细节,就能有效阻断肠道病毒传播,守护儿童平安健康。

Open Questions

  • 本年度手足口病疫情与往年相比的具体发病率是多少?
  • 不同地区手足口病的流行情况是否存在差异?
  • EVA71疫苗在目标人群中的实际接种率是多少?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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