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Back三里河研讨会:跨越“恩格斯停顿”,让技术革命促进共享发展
三里河研讨会:跨越“恩格斯停顿”,让技术革命促进共享发展
NEWS
中国新闻网2 hours agoBusiness6 min readChinaView translation

三里河研讨会:跨越“恩格斯停顿”,让技术革命促进共享发展

中国新闻网“三里河”工作室举办研讨会,探讨如何规避AI技术带来的就业替代与分配不均

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中国新闻网“三里河”工作室举办研讨会,探讨人工智能时代如何规避“恩格斯停顿”现象。专家建议通过技术向善、完善收益分配机制、劳动者再培训及制度创新,确保技术红利全民共享,保障劳动者权益。

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Why It Matters

“恩格斯停顿”指英国工业革命时期生产力飞跃但工人工资长期停滞的现象。当前人工智能技术发展引发了对类似就业替代和分配不公的担忧。

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近段时间,“恩格斯停顿”引发关注。这一概念描述的是英国工业革命时期生产力飞跃但工人工资长期停滞的现象。如今,迈入人工智能时代,在技术革命过程中如何规避过度就业替代,让技术红利为全民共享,防范AI时代“恩格斯停顿”,成为一道现实课题。

10月22日,中国新闻网“三里河”工作室举办以“跨越‘恩格斯停顿’:技术革命与共享发展”为主题的研讨会。

面对AI带来的变局,专家学者们从不同视角复盘历史、剖析现实,寻找兼顾效率与公平的出路。

北京大学经济学院教授、国民经济研究中心主任苏剑认为,长期看技术进步能够促进就业。缝纫机、计算机的历史经验显示,技术降本催生新需求、新产业,且技术与劳动力会双向适配。政策上一方面要拓展新需求、开展劳动者再培训;另一方面要优化营商环境,降低中小企业试错成本。

技术有增益,也伴随冲击,如何把握好技术应用的尺度,是治理层面的关键议题。

国家发展改革委国家信息中心研究员魏琪嘉表示,跨越“恩格斯停顿”要秉持技术向善、法治护航的思路,技术本身中性,关键在于应用导向,应当区分长期发展大势与短期转型阵痛,不夸大冲击,也不回避矛盾。要对新技术落地场景分类甄别,对缺乏社会福利增益的非必要替代加以调节。治理应兼顾技术源头引导与配套制度完善,尊重企业发展阶段差异,发挥规则规制的作用,让技术进步真正服务于人、保障劳动者权益。

技术红利的蛋糕如何分好,是跨越“恩格斯停顿”无法绕开的一环。

中国社科院人口与劳动经济研究所研究员赵文认为,长期看技术进步能做大社会财富蛋糕,前景向好;但转型不宜过快,否则会激化就业、认知与利益分配矛盾。当前AI企业依托公共数据、基础设施获得超额收益,数据要素定价、收益归属规则尚不清晰。要坚持共享发展,厘清收益分配,拉长转型缓冲期,发展劳动友好型技术,配套社会保障,平缓岗位冲击。

中共中央党校(国家行政学院)经济学教研部讲师王松表示,“恩格斯停顿”是历次工业革命在技术变革期表现出来的阶段性现象。历史上,发达国家走出“恩格斯停顿”是因为形成了工资集体谈判制度、社会分工拓展推动了就业规模扩大,以及在不平等交换中从后发国家攫取国际价值。这些条件的共同作用下,发达国家工人实际收入得到提高。但数智技术革命正在重塑这些条件,给各国发展带来新挑战。这启示我们,“恩格斯停顿”问题的产生不在于技术本身,而是技术应用中形成的生产关系。人工智能等技术发展中应坚持共享发展,推动构建和谐劳动关系、支持中小企业创新和倡导全球协同治理等。通过构建制度化的技术红利分享机制,让技术进步转化为促进人的自由全面发展的物质技术基础。

历史条件在变,制度设计也须落到劳动者收益与保障上。让共享机制可感可及,才能把“技术向善”转化为现实秩序。

中国人民大学重阳金融研究院研究员敦志刚建议,健全劳动者收益共享机制,把技能培训纳入公共服务与企业责任,完善算法治理和劳动保障,加大对中小民企普惠支持,探索多元渠道,让劳动者共享AI增值收益。

从蒸汽机时代到人工智能时代,生产力一次次突破边界,但如何更好分配增长果实,是一道持续作答的时代命题。唯有把劳动者的权益、分配的公平嵌入技术发展的全过程,才能真正跨越“恩格斯停顿”,让新一轮技术革命普惠全民。

Open Questions

  • 具体的AI收益分配机制如何落地?
  • 劳动者再培训的资金来源与执行主体是谁?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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