
腎功能下降與腸道菌叢失衡可能相互影響,造成尿毒素累積與全身發炎,醫師建議從飲食與治療著手打破惡性循環。
安南醫院腎臟科醫師葉尚恩指出,慢性腎臟病與腸道菌叢存在雙向影響的「腸腎軸」,腎功能下降會改變腸道環境,而菌叢失衡則增加尿毒素累積與全身發炎,形成惡性循環。他建議透過適度限制蛋白質、增加植物性食物,以及配合醫療製劑與吸附劑來打破此循環。
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慢性腎臟病與腸道菌叢之間存在雙向影響,腎功能下降會改變腸道環境,而腸道菌叢失衡又可能增加尿毒素累積與全身發炎。
腎臟科醫師葉尚恩解析「腸腎軸」惡性循環問題,他指出腎功能下降與腸道菌叢失衡可能相互影響,造成尿毒素累積與全身發炎,增加腎臟負擔。(安南醫院提供)
當腎臟開始「罷工」,受影響的不只是排尿及排除代謝廢物的功能!腎臟科醫師葉尚恩指近年研究發現,慢性腎臟病與腸道菌叢之間存在雙向影響,腎功能下降會改變腸道環境;而腸道菌叢失衡又可能增加尿毒素累積與全身發炎,讓腎臟負擔更重,這種雙向互動稱為「腸腎軸」,逐漸成為慢性腎臟病照護的重要研究方向。
葉尚恩表示,人體腸道住著數以兆計的細菌,有些菌群偏好利用膳食纖維等醣類,產生對腸道有利的代謝物,可理解為「好菌」;另一些菌群較容易利用蛋白質發酵,會產生尿毒素前驅物,可視為相對不利的「壞菌」。
當腎功能下降,不但排除尿毒素的能力變差,還可能伴隨腸道菌叢失衡,形成「腎臟排不掉,腸道又製造更多」的窘境。尿毒素累積會影響腸道屏障,導致全身慢性發炎及代謝環境惡化,進一步加重腎臟負擔,形成惡性循環。
葉尚恩指出,要打破腸腎惡性循環問題,飲食可掌握「適度限制蛋白質,並增加植物性食物比例」兩大原則。依KDIGO腎臟病相關指引,慢性腎臟病患者應依疾病階段與營養狀況調整蛋白質攝取,避免攝取過多蛋白質,以免成為尿毒合成的原料;植物性食物富含膳食纖維,有利腸道菌叢及維持健康的腸道環境。不過,低蛋白也不是越低越好,過度限制反而可能造成營養不良與肌少症,應在醫師與營養師指導下進行對蛋白質的攝取。
除了飲食,對於腸腎惡性循環也有不同的治療武器。葉尚恩表示,如酮酸胺基酸製劑可透過「轉胺作用」搶走尿毒素中的氮,並變身為必需胺基酸,能一石二鳥同時補充營養和減少尿毒產生;腸道吸附劑如同「腸道清道夫」,可吸附部分尿毒素前驅物,減少其從腸道吸收。至於益生菌,可透過調整腸道菌叢改善腸道環境,但是否能實質延緩腎功能惡化,目前仍待更多研究證實。

Scientists proposed the "post-midnight brain" hypothesis to explore how circadian rhythm and lack of sleep affect mood, reward processing and executive functions when people are continuously awake during the physiological night, making people more likely to have negative thoughts or impulsive behaviors.

A sudden death accident occurred at Taipei Songshan Airport yesterday. A 66-year-old woman surnamed Chen suddenly passed out while packing her luggage after passing the international security check. She died after CPR was performed and she was sent to the Songshan Branch of the Military General Hospital for rescue. Family members revealed that the deceased had a history of hypertension.

Statistics from Harvard Medical School and other research teams found that on the day a popular album is released in the United States, the number of traffic fatalities will significantly increase by about 15.1% compared to the days before and after. Research speculates that it may be related to the distraction caused by using smartphones or operating car music while driving.

Dr. Ye Renhao pointed out that during Mid-Autumn Festival barbecues, people often count the calories of moon cakes and meat, but ignore the calories of alcohol. Alcohol contains about 7 calories per gram, and even without added sugar, it still contains calories. It is recommended to prepare sugar-free tea or sparkling water as an alternative, and remind those who lose weight to inform their medical team of their drinking habits.

Allergies are not limited to childhood, anyone can develop new allergies suddenly at any stage of life due to factors such as coronavirus infection, antibiotic use, pregnancy or tick bites. Studies have shown that the new coronavirus will increase the risk of allergic rhinitis and asthma, while vaccines can reduce the risk; antibiotics may damage the intestinal microbiota and cause immune system confusion; hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and menopause may also trigger allergies; being bitten by the lone star tick may trigger alpha-galactose syndrome, making people allergic to red meat. While some allergies, such as rhinitis of pregnancy, disappear after childbirth, many new allergies may be permanent, and scientists are exploring probiotics, vaccines and single-dose antibody therapies to retrain the immune system.

An observational study of 330,000 U.S. veterans with type 2 diabetes found that continued use of GLP-1 drugs for 3 years could reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events by 18%, but the risk reduction was narrowed to 12% for those who restarted the drug after discontinuing treatment. The risk increased by 14% for those who stopped taking the drug for 1 year and did not restart for 2 years, and by 22% for those who stopped taking the drug for 2 years. This shows that the duration of drug interruption is positively related to cardiovascular risk.