今天是‘九一八’事变爆发95周年,哈尔滨市平房区侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆展出‘特别移送’档案,揭露日军侵华期间将抗日谍报人员等1556人秘密移送至731部队进行人体实验的罪行,该制度为关东宪兵队内部秘密程序,未经司法审判直接送实验室,受害者最终死于实验或解剖。
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今天是‘九一八’事变爆发95周年,纪念日本侵华东北的起点。文章聚焦哈尔滨七三一部队罪证陈列馆的‘特别移送’展览,通过档案揭露日军将抗日人员秘密送往人体实验的系统犯罪。
今天是“九一八”事变爆发95周年,一起走进哈尔滨市平房区侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆,了解“特别移送”档案。
所谓“特别移送”,是指日军侵华期间,关东宪兵队等军警机关不经法庭审判,将抓捕的抗日谍报人员、爱国人士及其他人员移交到731部队进行人体实验的罪恶行径。“特别移送”制度是731部队系统性获取活体实验对象的重要渠道。
“下落不明”五十余年
一个名字怎样被档案找回
在侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆的“特别移送”展厅,陈列着一张照片,照片的主人公是东北抗联第七军参谋处处长原美臻,他正是被侵华日军“特别移送”的案例之一。
他曾在虎林开了一家名叫“原家馆子”的饭店,对外身份是饭店老板,实际上是一名情报人员,多次往返于中苏交界,将重要情报输送到共产国际。1941年,原美臻因“通苏间谍”的罪名被当时的虎林宪兵队抓捕,随后不知下落。直到50多年后的1997年,他的名字在黑龙江省档案馆保存的两份档案中被发现。
一份,是虎林宪兵分队上报的审讯调查报告。
黑龙江省档案馆宣传教育文化处 赵倩:报告一开始就记载了,原美臻被秘密扣留的时间是1941年8月17日,在虎林街被秘密逮捕。这份报告的头部加盖密字章,说明这是一份关东宪兵队内部的秘密报告,其中盖有东安宪兵队队长点检和关东宪兵队司令官点检的细长条印章,还有“特移扱”章,也就是说,这个人被作为“特别移送”进行处理。
哈尔滨市社会科学院七三一问题国际研究中心主任宫文婧介绍,“特别移送”是一个专有名词,主要是为七三一部队进行人体实验提供稳定的人体实验受试者之源,主要在日本关东宪兵队、警察厅、保安厅以及相关特务机构与七三一部队之间使用,是一个秘密的词汇。
侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆宣传教育与陈列部主任 金士成:“特别移送”的流程主要包括抓捕、审讯、编写审讯报告,然后关东宪兵队下达指令,移送至七三一部队;送到七三一部队之后,首先关押到特设监狱,之后进行实验和病理解剖,最后被移送者都死在了实验室或解剖室。
另一份,是关东宪兵队司令官给东安队长的秘密电报,电报中下达了这样的指令:依据虎林县高第423号报告,原美臻应该作为“特别移送”。
这样一份指令证明,这个人最终被移送到了七三一部队。
“特别移送”的程序从抓捕、审讯到形成报告,全部在关东宪兵队内部运转,再逐级上报至司令部——原美臻的名字能被查到,靠的就是这一级一级留下来的档案记录。
像原美臻这样留下完整档案的,只是其中一部分。据哈尔滨市社会科学院七三一问题国际研究中心提供的数据,目前通过档案、史料以及伯力审判庭审记录整理出的被“特别移送”的人员共1556人,其中很多是为东北抗日联军和共产国际情报站提供情报的人员。
专为七三一部队人体实验而设的程序
从“特别移送”到国家犯罪
为什么叫“特别移送”,因为它不经过审判,也不经过相关的执法机关。官方的这些审讯程序、鉴定程序,都是鲜明的私下行为。所有关于“特别移送”的档案上面都有“秘”字章,甚至有的是“机密”“极密”,也就是绝密文件。
侵华日军第七三一部队研制细菌武器、实施细菌战,有一个前置条件——需要进行室内实验,室内实验就需要人体。这也是七三一部队为什么从日本东京转移到中国哈尔滨的主要原因:在哈尔滨等东北地区抓捕被实验者,需要有流程和手续。
“特别移送”主要是解决七三一部队人体实验的来源,可以说是专门为七三一部队人体实验制定的专项计划。宫文婧介绍,被“特别移送”者的划定标准经过两次迭代:
最开始是1938年形成的一个关于“特别移送”的通令,这个文件开始将“特别移送”制度化、体系化;
接着经过5年迭代,1943年出台了关于“特别移送”者身份的更系统化的文件。通过这份文件可以看出,一些抗日志士,甚至一些老百姓,所谓一切有抗日可能性的人员,都有可能被送到七三一部队。
划定范围的依据,是日本关东宪兵队自己制定的文件,不是任何一条法律。
哈尔滨市社会科学院七三一问题国际研究中心主任 宫文婧:日本明明知道,准备和实施人体实验服务于日本侵华战争以及对苏战争使用细菌战的战略考虑,这样的行为本身违反国际公约、违反国际法,日本可以说是心知肚明的,所以采取了一系列行动掩盖、粉饰其战争罪行——“特别移送”应运而生。
宫文婧表示,“特别移送”是日本侵华细菌战庞大犯罪体系网络中的核心环节,它串联起研究中枢、实验中枢、实战中枢,一切以七三一部队进行人体实验产生的实验成果,它的根源就来自于那一条条活生生的生命。而这生命是从哪里来,它就是源于隐秘的、邪恶的、残忍的“特别移送”制度。
七三一部队罪证陈列馆宣传教育与陈列部主任 金士成:日本侵华细菌战不仅是日本医学系统的集团犯罪,也是宪兵系统、军队系统联合形成的集团犯罪,是自上而下、有规模有组织的集团犯罪,属于国家犯罪。
(总台记者 杨洋 王海樵 张耿生 吴亦农)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
更多‘特别移送’受害者名字将通过档案研究被确认
Likely · Within months

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