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Back美陸戰隊在加州同時操作兩個前進據點 測試印太分散式作戰能力
美陸戰隊在加州同時操作兩個前進據點 測試印太分散式作戰能力
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自由时报40 minutes agoDefense2 min readChina

美陸戰隊在加州同時操作兩個前進據點 測試印太分散式作戰能力

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美軍陸戰隊第13陸戰遠征支隊在加州潘德頓營附近同時建立並操作兩個獨立前進據點:一處為感測型遠征前進基地,利用岸置雷達、電子感測器與無人機追蹤海上艦艇;另一處則結合前進指揮所與前進械彈油料補給點,負責指揮、航空器加油及重新武裝。此次演練旨在驗證部隊在不依賴單一大型基地下,能否維持完整感測、指揮及航空支援能力,並評估雙據點模式下所需的人力與後勤資源。此作戰模式源自2019年提出的遠征前進基地作戰概念,旨在以小規模、機動性強的陸戰隊單位部署於島嶼、沿岸及簡陋臨時據點,向海軍提供感測、火力與航空支援,減少對大型兩棲登陸及固定基地的依賴。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美軍陸戰隊於2019年提出遠征前進基地作戰(EABO)概念,希望以規模較小、能迅速轉移的陸戰隊單位部署於島嶼、沿岸及其他簡陋臨時據點,向海軍提供感測、火力與航空支援,而非完全依靠大型兩棲登陸及固定基地。第13陸戰遠征支隊曾在2022年於聖克里門特島使用RQ-20B「美洲獅」及V-BAT無人機驗證類似構想。

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圖為美陸戰隊驗證前進加油點。(DVIDS)

〔記者吳哲宇/綜合報導〕美軍陸戰隊持續驗證印太「分散式作戰」模式,第13陸戰遠征支隊近日在加州潘德頓營附近,同時建立並操作兩個獨立前進據點,一處利用岸置雷達、電子感測器與無人機追蹤海上艦艇,另一處則負責前進指揮、航空器加油及重新武裝,測試部隊在不依賴單一大型基地下,能否維持完整感測、指揮及航空支援能力。

軍聞網站「Defence Blog」報導,其中第一處據點被稱為「感測型遠征前進基地」,由沿岸監視雷達、電子感測器及第2營第4陸戰隊登陸隊操作的小型無人機組成。當雷達在附近航道發現水面艦艇後,無人機隨即升空,以光電影像確認及持續追蹤目標,再把影像與座標即時回傳第13陸戰遠征支隊指揮官。

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報導指出,參與演練的無人機操作員表示,由於海上船艦持續移動,目標資料必須快速更新及傳輸,否則原有座標很快就會失效。這種「雷達發現、無人機確認、資料回傳」模式,可讓分散部署的陸戰隊成為海軍海上作戰網路的前沿感測節點。

數英里外,陸戰隊則建立第二處據點,把前進指揮所與「前進械彈油料補給點」(FARP)設在一起。指揮節點同時連接兩座岸上基地、近海美國海軍軍艦作戰中心,以及空中飛行的軍機,形成跨海、陸、空的指揮網路。

FARP則讓直升機及其他航空器能直接在前線附近補充燃油及武器,不必飛回軍艦或大型基地。陸戰隊人員指出,這能大幅縮短航空器離開戰場的時間,完成加油掛彈後即可立即返回前線支援步兵。

不過,同時維持兩座基地也帶來後勤挑戰。運輸、警戒、燃料與其他支援人員必須拆分至兩處,而非集中運用。參演官兵表示,即使建立單一據點,都涉及大量人員、裝備與協調環節,此次訓練的重要目的之一,就是找出真正需要多少人力及後勤資源。

報導指出,這種作戰方式源自美軍陸戰隊2019年提出的「遠征前進基地作戰」(EABO)概念,希望以規模較小、能迅速轉移的陸戰隊單位,部署於島嶼、沿岸及其他簡陋臨時據點,向海軍提供感測、火力與航空支援,而非完全依靠大型兩棲登陸及固定基地。

報導說,第13陸戰遠征支隊2022年已曾在聖克里門特島以RQ-20B「美洲獅」及V-BAT無人機驗證類似構想。此次進一步同時運作感測與航空支援據點,顯示美軍正把EABO從單一節點測試,推向多個據點同步運作的分散式戰場網路。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美陸戰隊將在未來數月內擴大分散式作戰訓練至其他地點,包括夏威夷與關島。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 此次雙據點模式的實際後勤成本是多少?
  • 在真實戰鬥環境中,兩個據點的生存能力如何?
  • 此種作戰方式是否會被納入常規訓練與部署計畫?

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