
法院:師生權力不對等,即使情投意合也可能影響受教公平
兩名高中職教師與學生發展「雙向奔赴」師生戀並發生性行為,性平會認定不構成性騷擾及性侵害,但兩人仍因師生權力不對等而受行政懲處,其中一名教師被解聘且終生不得聘任,行政訴訟敗訴確定。
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兩名高中職教師分別與學生發展師生戀,其中一名在畢業後發生性行為,另一名在畢業前發生性行為。性平會皆認定未達性騷擾及性侵害標準,但兩人仍因師生權力不對等受行政懲處,行政訴訟敗訴確定。
「雙向奔赴」的師生戀被性平會認定不構成性騷或性侵,但涉案教師仍面臨行政懲處,法院說明,主因是師生間存在權力不對等,即使情投意合也可能影響受教公平。(情境照)
2名高中職教師分別與學生發展「雙向奔赴」的師生戀,甚至發生性行為;雖性平會認定不構成性騷及性侵,但2人仍面臨行政懲處。法院說明,師生間存在權力不對等,即使情投意合也可能影響受教的公平性;律師葉耀群說,學生對戀情是否「真摯同意」難以檢驗,且性別平等教育法也規定,教師違反與性有關的專業倫理行為,將面臨行政懲處。
林女、李男2名老師過去曾分別在南部高中職任教,卻分別和學生談起師生戀,且分別在畢業後以及畢業前與學生發生性行為;雖然性平會皆認定2人沒有達到性騷擾及性侵的標準,但林女仍因品德不佳而影響考績,李男則被解聘且終生不得聘任,而2人在打行政訴訟後也敗訴確定。
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關於情投意合的師生戀,為何不符合教師專業倫理?法院也在2人的判決理由中給出解答。
在林女的案件中,合議庭認為,教師和學生間存在特殊職務關係,若雙方發展過度親密的關係,恐會導致其他學生產生偏袒的疑慮,甚至會因為擔心遭到不利評分等對待等,不敢表達意見或提出救濟。因此,師生親密關係不僅會影響2名當事人,更會牽動校園內其他學生的受教權與教育公平。
至於李男的案件,合議庭則認為,無論性騷以及性侵是否成立,教師皆不該排除應有的專業倫理責任,遑論李男還利用導師職務與學生建立親密關係,且雙方關係長達1年半,對學生未來勢必造成深遠影響。
合曜國際法律事務所律師葉耀群說明,教師與學生間存在權力差異,所以學生的「同意」是否完全出於自由意志,往往難以在事後檢驗;此外,若兩人關係生變或是學生想要退出戀情,教師手上的權力就可能變成壓力,學生往往難以全身而退。
葉耀群表示,因此,學生是否真摯同意戀情,其實在師生的權力不對等關係下,不能跟一般人相同;而教師同時是戀人又是評分、指導者,就算自認公正,也會難以讓其他學生及外界信服,校園的公平基礎也會因此受損。
教師倫理部分,葉耀群指出,教師法第32條就指出,教師要積極維護學生受教權益、輔導學生健全人格、嚴守職分並發揚師道,而師生戀本身權力結構就不對等,故不應該允許。
法律約束部分,葉耀群指出,目前針對師生戀的刑法,僅有「違反意願」的權勢性交,但若學生年滿16歲且沒有違反其意願的話便無相關規定;此外,性別平等教育法部分,也有明文規定,若「校長或教職員工違反與性或性別有關之專業倫理行為」將會面臨行政懲處。
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