
央行放寬自然人第2戶房貸最高成數至7成,反映房市降溫與銀行不動產授信集中度改善。然而,資金流向企業融資與股市,五大銀行購屋貸款規模首次落後資本支出貸款。專家提醒,不動產貸款比重下降不等於整體金融槓桿降低,家庭信用風險仍需持續觀察。
AI-generated summary
央行於9月放寬自然人第2戶房貸最高成數至7成,背後因素是銀行不動產授信集中度改善。截至7月底,全體銀行不動產貸款占總放款比率降至34.44%,較6月高點下降3.17個百分點。
央行這次放寬第2戶房貸,反映的是房市降溫與銀行不動產授信風險控管已有改善,但資金流向改變後,整體家庭槓桿與信用風險是否仍在可承受範圍,仍需要持續觀察。(資料照)
央行9月放寬自然人第2戶房貸最高成數至7成,背後一項重要因素,是銀行不動產授信集中情形已經改善。最新數據顯示,截至今年7月底,全體銀行不動產貸款占總放款比率降至34.44%,較113年6月底37.61%的近期高點下降3.17個百分點。
不過,正心不動產估價師聯合事務所市場研究室協理陳孟筠提醒,不動產貸款集中度下降,不代表整體金融槓桿同步降低。尤其近期企業融資需求增加、股市交易熱絡,市場甚至出現「四貸同堂」、「六貸同堂」等說法,更應觀察資金從房地產轉往其他領域後,整體信用風險是否真的下降。
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從五大銀行授信結構來看,這項變化已相當明顯。113年購屋貸款約1兆1,632億元,高於資本支出貸款約9,735億元;到了114年,購屋貸款降至約7,693億元,資本支出貸款則為8,304億元,房貸規模首次落後資本支出貸款。
今年前7月,五大銀行新承作購屋貸款約3,799億元,資本支出貸款約5,312億元,差距進一步擴大。陳孟筠表示,這代表銀行放款流向確實更加分散,除了住宅貸款之外,企業投資、建廠擴產、週轉金及個人理財等資金需求也在增加。
因此,當不動產貸款占比下降時,不能單純理解成「房市槓桿降低」。其中一個原因可能只是其他類型放款成長更快,使房地產相關貸款占銀行總放款的比重被稀釋。換句話說,銀行資金的確沒有過去那麼集中在房市,但市場上的信用與槓桿並沒有因此消失。
從家庭財務來看,目前也尚未出現大規模還款壓力。央行金融穩定報告顯示,114年底家庭部門借款餘額約25.29兆元,相當於全年GDP的88.06%;家庭整體借款逾期比率為0.15%,其中購置不動產借款逾期比率僅0.10%,信用品質仍屬穩健。
真正值得注意的是,不同貸款工具承受市場反轉的方式並不相同。房貸多採長期分期償還,但股票融資或質押若遇到股價快速下跌,可能短時間面臨補繳資金或降低持股部位的壓力。若同一家庭同時背負房貸、信貸及投資槓桿,遇到股市修正、所得減少或利率長期偏高,債務壓力可能同時浮現。
因此,陳孟筠認為,判斷金融風險不能只看不動產貸款集中度。央行這次放寬第2戶房貸,反映的是房市降溫與銀行不動產授信風險控管已有改善,但資金流向改變後,整體家庭槓桿與信用風險是否仍在可承受範圍,仍需要持續觀察。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
若股市持續修正或利率維持高位,同時負擔房貸、信貸及投資槓桿的家庭將面臨增加的還款壓力。
Possible · Within months

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