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Back藍白強修空污法 經部示警2年後備用容量率恐「暴跌轉負」
藍白強修空污法 經部示警2年後備用容量率恐「暴跌轉負」
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自由时报1 hour agoEnergy3 min readChinaView translation

藍白強修空污法 經部示警2年後備用容量率恐「暴跌轉負」

經濟部列舉四大風險,強調電廠除役已有既定排程,貿然提前將衝擊供電穩定與國家安全

Quick Look

經濟部警告,立法院修正空污法強制燃煤機組提前除役,將導致備用電力降為負數、北東電網區域供電風險大增、調度風險增加及投資風險等四大危機,影響台中科學園區等產業用電,呼籲維持空污法現行條文。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

政府自2018年起未新增燃煤機組,燃煤占比由2016年的47.3%降至2025年的35.4%。台電2025年整體空污排放較2016年減少近7成,台中電廠用煤量減少673萬公噸、空污量大減8成。電力業對全台PM2.5影響占比約2.3%。

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經濟部強調,電廠除役已有既定排程,呼籲空污法修正案勿貿然提前衝擊供電穩定。(記者林菁樺攝)

〔記者林菁樺/台北報導〕立法院國民黨委員及民眾黨團於10日提出修正空污法第28、30條,直接框定燃煤機組提前除役,且限制除役燃煤機組轉作緊急備用等提案,經濟部12日持續示警,此修法將引來後年備用電力將暴跌轉負數等四大風險,且供電穩定攸關國家安全與產業發展,電廠除役已有既定排程,貿然提前將嚴重衝擊供電穩定,呼籲各界支持維持空污法相關現行條文。

經濟部指出,因應AI及半導體等產業用電成長,政府已完整規劃機組新增及除役時間,但立法院修法強制燃煤機組提前除役年限,將造成備用電力將降為負數、北東電網區域供電風險大增、無備用機組將增加調度風險與期限內沒完成審查關閉電廠導致投資風險等四大危機。

首先是備用電力將降為負數,強制台中電廠8部機組4.4GW、和平電廠2部機組1.32GW、大林3部機組2.4GW、林口2部機組1.6GW共9.72GW,預計2028、2029年備用容量率將暴跌為負值,且影響全年發電量約為580億度,超過全國家戶約1400萬戶的實際用電量510億度,衝擊巨大。其中,若在台中電廠二期燃氣機組上線前,就於2028年底前就強制除役既有燃煤機組,將影響區域供電,台中科學園區未來新增產業用電恐有困難。

其次是,北東電網區域供電風險大增。和平電廠若提前除役,北東區域供電缺口將高達4.7GW,超越北西電網4.2GW融通極限,增加台北市、基隆市、宜蘭市及新北市板橋以東區域供電風險。

此外,無備用機組將增加調度風險。保留除役機組不拆除作為緊急使用,有助於維持電力系統調度彈性及國安應變能力,國際間如日本將符合條件的既有火力機組納入備援,韓國也延後部分燃煤電廠除役,兼顧減污與能源韌性。目前本份草案不但違背國際潮流,且限縮國安緊急調度彈性,增加國安風險。

經濟部更示警,地方政府4個月內沒完成審查則關閉電廠,將增加投資風險;經濟部說明,依照本份草案,若地方政府未能在4個月內未及時完成電廠許可證展延審查,電廠則將立即停止運作,此來不但限縮供電調度彈性,增加產業供應鏈中斷風險,影響企業投資信心及擴廠意願。

經濟部強調,政府自2018年起已未新增燃煤機組,燃煤占比由2016年的47.3%降至2025年的35.4%。台電2025年整體空污排放較2016年減少近7成,台中電廠用煤量減少673萬公噸、空污量也大減8成;研究並顯示電力業對全台PM2.5影響占比約2.3%。經濟部呼籲,供電穩定攸關國家安全與產業發展,空污治理應兼顧環保及電力系統穩定雙贏,期盼各界支持維持空污法相關現行條文。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 空污法修正案將在立法院持續審議,經濟部與相關產業將繼續游說維持現行條文或修緩除役時程。

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 修正案是否會在立法院三讀通過?
  • 若修法通過,備用電力負數具體將發生在哪幾個月?
  • 替代能源能否在2028年前足額上線以彌補除役缺口?

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