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Back本土研究:未來20年全台每天恐增48位失智症患者 醫師籲把握早期介入時機
本土研究:未來20年全台每天恐增48位失智症患者 醫師籲把握早期介入時機
Health
自由时报32 minutes agoHealth4 min readChinaView translation

本土研究:未來20年全台每天恐增48位失智症患者 醫師籲把握早期介入時機

失智症病程恐長達9至10多年,醫師提醒若長輩出現十大警訊應儘早就醫評估,以延緩認知功能惡化並減輕照護負擔。

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本土研究推估未來20年全台每天恐新增48位失智症患者。醫師指出失智症無法逆轉但可透過早發覺早治療延緩惡化,並提醒家屬留意十大警訊與用藥挑戰,減輕長期照護壓力。

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Why It Matters

失智症無法逆轉,但及早介入有助延緩認知功能惡化並維持生活自理能力。

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醫師提醒,失智症目前無法逆轉,但及早介入有助延緩認知功能惡化,維持生活自理能力。

失智症不只影響患者,也考驗整個家庭。根據本土研究推估,未來20年間全台每天恐新增48位失智症患者,相當於每30分鐘就有1個家庭開始面臨失智照護挑戰。醫師提醒,失智症並非正常老化,若家中長輩出現記憶、判斷、表達或生活能力明顯改變等症狀,應儘早就醫評估,把握早期介入時機。

徐榮隆指出,失智症常見成因包括阿茲海默症及腦血管疾病等,隨著腦部神經細胞持續受損,疾病退化目前無法逆轉,但及早發現、接受治療,有助於延緩認知功能惡化、改善精神行為症狀,並維持患者生活自理能力。他提醒,若延誤處理,隨病程進展,患者可能從單純記憶力下降,逐漸發展至需要他人協助穿衣、吃飯、洗澡及如廁,甚至需要24小時照護。

徐榮隆表示,臨床上可留意「十大失智警訊」,包括記憶力減退到影響日常生活、無法勝任原本熟悉的事物、言語表達或書寫出現問題、對時間及地點感到混淆、判斷力或警覺力下降、抽象思考或空間視覺理解出現困難、物品擺放錯亂且失去回溯尋找能力、情緒及個性改變、計畫事情或解決問題有困難,以及逐漸退出職場或社交活動。若長輩出現上述變化,尤其是影響原本熟悉的生活功能,應尋求專業評估,不宜單純歸因於「年紀大、記性不好」。

失智症的影響也不只在患者本身。新北市失智症協會理事長黃立楷指出,家庭照護者常需面對經濟、人力及身心壓力。台灣本土研究顯示,失智症家庭照護者平均每日照顧時間超過11小時,在職照顧者中有94%曾因此請假,24%曾留職停薪;美國阿茲海默症協會資料也顯示,18%照護者曾由全職轉為兼職,9%甚至離職或提前退休。

其中,用藥也是照護者的一大挑戰。黃立楷表示,高齡失智患者常同時罹患多項慢性疾病,可能需要服用多種藥物,加上吞嚥困難、藥物副作用或認知功能下降,都可能讓患者抗拒服藥。若患者出現吐藥、不願服藥或服藥後不適等情形,家屬應主動告訴醫師,由醫療團隊評估是否調整藥物或劑型,不宜自行停藥、磨藥或改變劑量。

目前失智症治療除了傳統口服錠劑,也有口服液劑、皮膚貼片及注射等不同給藥方式,醫師可依患者病況、用藥反應及照護需求選擇合適方式。徐榮隆強調,家屬平時應觀察患者實際用藥狀況,若發現服藥困難或副作用,及時與醫師討論,才能提高治療配合度。

徐榮隆也提醒,失智症病程可能長達9至10多年,隨著疾病進展,除了醫療支出增加,照護人力及時間成本也會同步上升。與其等到患者生活完全失能才面對照護問題,不如從早期警訊出現時就積極就醫,及早確認原因並接受適當治療,除了延緩病程,也能替患者保留更多生活自主與尊嚴,同時減輕家屬長期照護負擔。

失智症並非正常老化,若長輩出現記憶、判斷或生活能力明顯改變,應儘早就醫評估。

Open Questions

  • 未來政府針對失智症家庭的具體補助政策為何?

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