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Back美國中期選舉2026:贏會贏在哪裏,輸會輸在哪裏?
美國中期選舉2026:贏會贏在哪裏,輸會輸在哪裏?
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BBC中文2 hours agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

美國中期選舉2026:贏會贏在哪裏,輸會輸在哪裏?

Quick Look

美國選民將於11月3日投票決定國會控制權,特朗普支持率低於40%,民主黨需在眾議院關鍵膠著州份贏得五席及參議院四席才能奪回多數,選舉焦點包括通貨膨脹、醫療保健與移民,共和黨擁有超過10億美元競選資金優勢。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

特朗普在2024年當選總統,目前支持率約37%,低於其首任同期水平。共和黨在眾議院僅以218席微弱多數領先,參議院則以53對45加兩名獨立議員領先。歷史顯示執政黨在中期選舉平均失去27席眾議院席位。

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美國中期選舉2026:贏會贏在哪裏,輸會輸在哪裏?

Author, 邁克·希爾斯(Mike Hills)

Role, BBC視覺新聞團隊

Published 6 分鐘前

閱讀時間: 4 分鐘

美國選民將於11月3日前往投票,決定唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump;川普)餘下總統任期將如何發展。

全美各地將舉行數以千計的選舉,涵蓋不同層級的政府職位。但對選民而言,最重要的選舉將是眾議院及參議院議員選舉。這兩個議院共同構成國會。

目前兩院均由總統所屬的共和黨控制。特朗普餘下兩年的執政成敗,可能取決於選舉結果。

以下圖像指南將帶你了解權力之爭將在哪些地方決定勝負,從支持率、關鍵選戰與重要議題,到投入其中的巨額資金。

對特朗普來說,這次中期選舉生不逢時

在野民主黨有機會重奪國會控制權的理由之一,是總統的支持率偏低,而這通常是其所屬政黨表現的重要指標。

根據民調資訊網站席佛公報(Silver Bulletin)的數據,特朗普展開第二個總統任期時的支持率略高於50%,但很快便跌至40%範圍。

今年2月底,特朗普決定與以色列一同對伊朗發動空襲時,其支持率徘徊於約42%;但不久後便跌破40%。目前約為37%。

八年前,在其首個總統任期的同一階段,特朗普的支持率明顯較高,達43%。喬·拜登(Joe Biden)在其任期相同時間點的支持率則為40%。兩人在中期選舉中均失去眾議院控制權,但保住了參議院。

不過,特朗普偏低的支持率有助解釋為何民主黨對贏得國會參眾兩院抱持希望,以及為何他們將目標瞄準近年來持續由共和黨勝出的州份。

眾議院選戰

共和黨目前在作為國會下議院的眾議院中所擁有的多數優勢可謂極其微弱。他們擁有218席,剛好達到控制眾議院所需席位數,另有一名與共和黨共同投票的獨立議員。

眾議員任期為兩年,因此11月將改選全部435個席位。

然而,大多數選區並不被視為競爭激烈,因為現任政黨擁有穩固支持,勝負結果幾乎毫無懸念。

分析競選活動與選舉的《庫克政治報告》(Cook Political Report)指出,僅有21個選區被列為「勢均力敵」(toss-up),任何一黨都有可能勝出。

在這21個膠著選區中,15席目前由共和黨掌握,六席由民主黨掌握。如果民主黨贏得其中五席,再加上28個被歸類為傾向民主黨或很可能由民主黨勝出的選區,便可取得眾議院控制權。

歷史上,中期選舉經常有大量眾議院議席易手,而這通常反映選民對白宮不滿。根據可追溯至1934年的數據,總統所屬政黨(執政黨)平均會失去27席。在這23次選舉中,總統所屬政黨僅有三次席位有所增長。

參議院選戰

共和黨在參議院的優勢稍強一些,他們掌握100席中的53席;民主黨擁有45席,另有兩名與民主黨共同投票的獨立議員。

參議員任期為六年,因此每兩年約有三分之一席位改選。

11月將有35席改選,但《庫克政治報告》的分析顯示,只有其中七席屬於勝負難料、可能由任何一黨奪下的選區。

在這些膠著席位中,六席目前由共和黨控制,一席由民主黨控制。民主黨必須拿下其中四席,再加上四個被評為傾向民主黨或很可能由民主黨勝出的席位,才能夠達到51席,並取得參議院控制權。

但對民主黨而言,要取得多數席位絕非易事。

他們必須保住密歇根州(Michigan;密西根州)的席位。民調顯示,民主黨人士未必樂見該州選情如此接近。左翼政治素人阿卜杜勒·埃爾—賽義德(Abdul El-Sayed)與其共和黨對手、特朗普盟友兼前聯邦調查局特工邁克·羅傑斯(Mike Rogers)之間競爭激烈。

此外,他們還必須在特朗普於2024年以雙位數優勢勝出的州份奪取席位,包括阿拉斯加州、艾奧瓦州(Iowa;愛荷華/衣阿華)及俄亥俄州。

然而,民調顯示他們並非毫無機會,甚至包括得州。若前教師詹姆斯·塔拉里科(James Talarico)擊敗現任州檢察長兼特朗普親密盟友肯·帕克斯頓(Ken Paxton),他將成為自1988年以來首位在該州贏得參議院席位的民主黨人。

選民最關注哪些議題?

特朗普在2024年競選期間承諾「終結通脹,讓美國再次負擔得起(Make America Affordable Again)」,但生活成本危機證明仍是選民最關心的議題。

總統於2月24日的國情咨文(State of the Union)演說中自豪地表示,大部分州的汽油價格「如今已降至每加侖2.30美元(每公升0.61美元;4.07元人民幣;19.56元新台幣)以下」。然而,四天後伊朗戰爭爆發,中東能源供應受擾,令美國汽油價格升至每加侖4美元(每公升1.06美元;7.08元人民幣;34元新台幣)。

隨著戰爭影響波及全球,其受歡程度持續下降,最終更直接衝擊美國消費者荷包。8月進行的一項民調發現,63%的受訪者不認同特朗普處理局勢的方式。

選民認為重要的其他議題還有醫療保健與移民。

特朗普近期大力宣傳其移民政策成效,並指出越境人數較近年顯著下降。

許多民主黨候選人則聚焦於美國醫療保險成本高昂,以及特朗普立法對民眾獲得醫療服務所造成的影響。

特朗普能否違反政治定律?

大多數跡象均顯示,民主黨有望在中期選舉取得佳績,但若共和黨贏得比預期更多的席位,也不會是特朗普及其政黨首次表現優於民調預測。

少數對共和黨有利的因素之一,是他們龐大的資金優勢。

截至8月底,共和黨全國委員會(Republican National Committee)及其盟友團體手中持有超過6億美元(40.20億元人民幣;192.97億元新台幣)現金,而民主黨則略低於4億美元(26.8億元人民幣;128.64億元新台幣)。

除此之外,共和黨還擁有超過4億美元資金,由特朗普的 MAGA Inc 團體掌控。該組織是「讓美國再次偉大」(Make America Great Again)政治運動的主要籌款及支出機構。

共和黨正利用這項財務優勢去買廣告。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 民主黨將贏得眾議院控制權

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 共和黨將保住參議院多數

    Possible · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 民主黨是否能在關鍵膠著選區贏得足夠席數以掌控兩院?
  • 伊朗衝突對能源價格及選民情緒的持續影響是否會改變選舉結果?
  • 特朗普的移民政策是否能緩解選民對邊境安全的擔憂?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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