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Back美国该制裁自己了
美国该制裁自己了
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中国新闻网1 hour agoOpinion6 min readChina

美国该制裁自己了

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美国财政部近期宣布将放松对俄柴油贸易制裁,特朗普称美俄已就供应柴油达成一致。此举旨在应对美国高企的柴油价格与中期选举政治压力,却引发乌克兰、加拿大、英国及印度等盟友的不满与质疑,国内也面临法律与双标指责。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

过去几年美国对俄罗斯能源实施严格制裁。近期美国因柴油价格高企和中期选举临近面临政治压力。

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美国打了自己的脸。

近期,美国财政部发布公告,将在未来数月放松对俄罗斯柴油贸易的制裁。美国总统特朗普也宣布,美俄已就俄罗斯向美国及全球市场提供柴油达成一致。

过去几年中,俄罗斯和俄能源一直是美国制裁清单上的常客,谁买俄罗斯的石油,美国就要制裁谁。

按照这个逻辑,美国该制裁自己了。

特朗普为何急着给俄柴油贸易“松绑”?直接原因是柴油价格高企。

9月,美国柴油均价达每加仑6.29美元,同比上涨近七成;柴油库存则降至1982年以来同期最低水平。

柴油关系到卡车运输、农业生产和工业运行,直接影响商品从工厂到货架的成本。

同时,距美国中期选举只剩不到一个月,能源价格正成为共和党需要面对的政治压力。

《纽约时报》指出,价格上涨给选举带来的压力在农业州尤其明显。爱荷华州、堪萨斯州和内布拉斯加州等地的许多农民高度依赖柴油。

美国皮尤研究中心最新调查显示,74%的受访者对能源价格“非常担忧”,八成以上受访登记选民认为经济问题是影响其选择的重要因素。

此时,俄罗斯的柴油,就成了特朗普口中能让油价“创纪录、大幅、快速”下降的救星。

质疑很快出现。

乌克兰总统泽连斯基批评美国此举是为俄罗斯提供新的收入来源,感到“被背叛”。美国的盟友加拿大、英国等也相继表态反对。

更具讽刺意味的是印度。

去年,美国曾以印度购买俄罗斯石油为由,加征高达25%的关税。新德里电视台(NDTV)刊文指责美国“虚伪”,在俄能源问题上搞双重标准。

在美国国内,共和、民主两党多名参议员发表联合声明,质疑此举与国会此前通过的俄罗斯能源进口禁令相悖。有议员在电视节目中直言,“有充分理由认为总统没有遵守法律。”

特朗普寄希望于增加供应以缓解市场压力,但效果并不明朗。特朗普称,俄罗斯将立即向美国及全球市场供应30万吨柴油,后续还将增加。

按英媒测算,美国每天大约消耗360万桶,30万吨约合220万桶,不够美国一天的用量。

美国皮克林能源合伙公司首席投资官丹·皮克林认为,以“吨”来公布供应量容易让人觉得规模很大,但这更多是政治考量,而非足以扭转市场局面的举措。

更何况,全球柴油供应的压力,并非只来自俄罗斯。

中东冲突扰乱原油和成品油运输,部分炼油设施受损,全球市场面临运输受阻、炼油能力受限和库存不足等多重压力。即使有油,也未必能及时炼成柴油;即使炼出来,也未必能顺利运到需要的地方。

特朗普还表示,俄罗斯后续“将视炼油厂实际状况,在短期内供应300万吨柴油”。这一目标能否实现同样存疑。

英国《金融时报》援引能源市场数据与分析公司Seala AI判断,2025年之前,俄罗斯平均每月通过海运出口260万吨柴油,若对俄炼油设施的打击持续,俄罗斯不太可能在不损害国内市场的情况下出口如此大量的货物。

10月11日,特朗普又宣称,俄乌同意进入“能源停火”状态。但耐人寻味的是,乌克兰总统第一时间表示对此事不知情,称如果俄方同意,乌方也将接受。俄方也未直接回应,只说接触仍在继续。

对于这一系列动作,市场也未买账。美国汽车协会(AAA)10月12日数据显示,美国柴油均价仍处于每加仑6.27美元的高位。

美国试图搅动地缘局势谋利,用制裁重塑能源格局,但当能源成本开始反噬,美国的制裁,最终也落到了自己头上。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 俄罗斯按计划在短期内供应300万吨柴油的目标存疑

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 俄罗斯后续能否实际提供300万吨柴油?
  • 美国国内会否因放松制裁引发法律诉讼?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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