
埃及西奈省發生載客小巴因爆胎翻覆事故,造成22人死亡28人受傷。今年以來埃及多發重大交通事故,多涉及非正式載客工具,反映低收入勞工交通安全保障不足。根據統計,2025年道路交通事故死亡達5829人,較2024年增加10.8%。政府將加強交通法規處罰與車輛檢驗,但低薪勞工仍依賴便宜小巴作為主要交通工具。
AI-generated summary
埃及長期依賴非正式載客小巴作為主要交通工具,尤其在公共交通網絡不完善的地區。近年來重大交通事故頻發,多涉及小巴或工人接駁車,反映交通安全管理不足與車輛老舊問題。
(中央社記者施婉清開羅3日專電)埃及西奈省2日發生載客小型巴士翻覆事故,造成22人死亡;今年以來,埃及已接連發生多起小巴多人死亡的重大車禍。這次事故再次凸顯埃及長期嚴峻的交通安全風險,尤其是低收入勞工交通安全保障不足的問題。
埃及媒體「金字塔報」(Al Ahram)報導,車禍事故發生在西奈省(Sinai),涉事巴士在從開羅往努威巴(Nuweiba)行駛途中,因爆胎導致車輛失控翻覆,造成22人死亡,另有28人受傷。
這起事故尤其受到關注,因為埃及今年已發生多起數人至20人以上死亡的重大交通事故,而且事故車輛幾乎都涉及載客小巴、工人接駁車,或其他非正式交通工具。
今年1月,埃及貝尼蘇夫省(Beni Suef)發生的多車連環事故,造成21人死亡;6月艾斯尤特省(Assiut)載送童工回家的三輪機動車因故障而掉入灌溉渠,造成9人死亡;8月有3起,先是在吉薩省(Giza),一輛工人接駁車翻覆,造成7人死亡,另一起是在伊斯梅利亞省(Ismailia),同為工人接駁車爆胎翻覆後導致事故,18人死亡,第3起事故發生在馬特魯省(Matrouh),小巴和接駁工人的貨車及大卡車3車碰撞後,造成9人死亡。
根據埃及公共管理與統計局(CAPMAS)統計,埃及2025年道路交通事故死亡人數達5829人,比2024年的5260人增加10.8%,顯示道路安全情勢惡化。
滿街跑的白色載客小巴是埃及一種非常特殊的交通現象,既非完全等同於傳統意義上的公車,也不是單純的私家車,而是介於私人營運、計程車、公共大眾運輸之間的一種基層民眾用經濟型載客交通工具。
年近60歲的埃及男子穆罕默德(Mohamed)已擔任職業駕駛超過25年,他告訴中央社記者,載客小巴通常沿固定或半固定路線行駛,一名「車掌人員」會依靠在半開的車門口沿路喊客,通常可搭載約10多名乘客,多數司機屬於個體戶或小型營運業者。
這種小巴收費極便宜,路線彈性高,在公共交通網絡不完善的地區非常便利,往往成了偏鄉地區低收入戶的「唯一」交通選擇。
2022年出版的「當代都市事務期刊」(Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs)針對大開羅地區交通研究的估計,開羅公共交通有52%依賴載客小巴承載,公車約25%,捷運約17%,也就是說,大開羅長期高度依賴非正式交通。
由於小巴的非正式特性,也造成管理困難。穆罕默德說:「小巴司機好比馬路霸王,橫衝直撞,常常一聲不響就轉彎或停下來。而且車體破舊,也不怕擦撞。」
住在大開羅郊區從事幫傭工作的50歲婦人沙米亞(Samia)也說:「到開羅市區雇主家要轉3次不同的小巴。車子時不時就在馬路上拋錨,大家都只能在車上乾等。」
埃及資訊服務局(SIS)2025年底發布公告表示,多數嚴重交通事故屬於人為因素,包括超速、違反交通法規行駛,以及車輛狀況不佳。為遏止交通事故,埃及內閣將實施更嚴厲的交通法規處罰規定,也要求車輛必須定期接受檢驗、投保強制責任保險,並要求載客車輛符合安全及耐用條件。
另一方面,埃及政府近年也投入大量資金興建捷運、輕軌及單軌電車。從開羅納薩城(Nasr City)通往新行政首都的「東尼羅河單軌電車」(East Nile Monorail)在今年5月初開放載客。但相較於小巴,輕軌車資相當高,從納薩城到新行政首都車程約1小時,全票票價為80埃鎊(約新台幣48元),一般低薪勞工階層無法承擔作為日常交通支出。
埃及2026年規定的私人企業法定最低工資為每月7000埃鎊(約新台幣4200元),且有大量勞工處於非正式就業市場,數百萬名勞工每月僅靠區區數千埃鎊或一萬多埃鎊的薪資養家糊口。屬於這類勞工的穆罕默德和沙米亞都認為,現在小巴對他們來說仍是最重要的日常交通工具。
這凸顯出埃及公共交通的兩難,小巴交通違規規模與民眾交通需求幾乎同樣龐大。在每年仍有近6000人死於道路事故的情況下,如何讓「便宜」與「安全」不再成為二選一,是埃及面對公共交通改革的主要挑戰。(編輯:唐聲揚)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
埃及內閣將實施更嚴厲的交通法規處罰規定
Very likely · Within months
載客小巴將繼續成為低收入勞工的主要交通選擇
Likely · Within months

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