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Back台灣新生兒人數創新低,學者章定煊:高房價壓縮生育意願
台灣新生兒人數創新低,學者章定煊:高房價壓縮生育意願
NEWS
自由时报10 hours agoSociety3 min readChinaView translation

台灣新生兒人數創新低,學者章定煊:高房價壓縮生育意願

今年前8月出生人口僅6.1萬人,人口負成長持續32個月,政府少子化對策遭質疑無效。

Quick Look

台灣新生兒人數持續探底,今年前8月僅6.1萬人,總人口負成長持續32個月。景文科大副教授章定煊指出,高房價與租金壓縮家庭可支配所得,導致生育率下滑,批評政府少子化對策未對症下藥,成效不彰。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

台灣人口已連續32個月呈現負成長,且衛福部於2017年成立少子化對策辦公室以應對生育率下滑問題。

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新生兒人數持續創低,台灣面臨少子化危機。(資料照,記者蔡政珉攝)

根據內政部戶政司公布的最新戶口統計資料,今年出生人口數累計至 8 月共61,742 人,較去年同期大幅減少 11,036 人,今年8月全國新生兒更僅7,492 人,較7月又減少414人,全國總人口已連續 32個月呈現負成長。

景文科技大學財務金融系副教授章定煊表示,預估今年台灣人口出生數將低於10萬人,試想20年後台灣社會會長成甚麼樣子?他表示,自己在20年前提出的「炒房亡國論」,當時被媒體視為大放厥詞,到了2021年才被大規模報導,如今又5年過去了,「這5年台灣生育率拉上去了嗎?」

章定煊表示,民眾可支配所得,分配在食、衣、住、行、育、樂,應該還要包括為了一些老年生活保障必須的保險金、投資儲蓄,當房價高漲,再帶動租金高漲,可支配所得中的居住支出占比約來越高。

那麼能壓縮的支出要來自哪裡?章定煊表示, 天龍國台北市家庭可支配所得的中位數估計約140萬,居住支出假設是40%,扣除後剩84萬,食、衣、行是基本生活支出不但不能壓縮,還節節高漲,那剩下的能壓縮在哪裡?他認為會有4個方向:

1.傳統養兒防老觀念,賭上自己會短命,或是當下流老人的可能性,把老年生活保障必須的保險金、投資儲蓄全省了。

2.全職機械人,娛樂支出全省了,老一輩的思考,在家看電視,出外就是公園郊外走走,零元娛樂。

3.小孩子跟很老很老一輩一樣的思考,能生就盡量生,生下來就放養。大的國高中畢業就就業,大的養小的,壓低教育費用。

4.晚生,少生,生下來的孩子當寶一樣培養。

章定煊表示,如今的社會選1 2 3的家庭明顯變少,而選4的家庭變多,尤其是中產階級以上家庭。

當然房價不是唯一的因素,比如說台北市家庭可支配所得中位數約140萬,男生所得中位數約80萬,女士所得中位數70萬,表示通常是夫婦兩個都在工作,才會達到140萬。

如果生了小孩,0-3歲孩子誰來帶?3~6歲有沒有適合的幼兒園? 6~15歲會不會因為租期只有1年,得要常常搬家,孩子也得常常轉學?

目前出生新生兒中央一次性補助10萬元,加上前兩年的育兒津貼:5,000 × 24個月=12萬元,共22萬。加上地方政府,以台北市為例4~5萬,全部加起來最多27萬。

感覺很多嗎? 養過小孩的知道?還差上一大截。這還不包括無法量化的身心壓力。

章定煊表示,衛福部2017年成立少子化對策辦公室,不管它是否只是一個沒有預算的任務編組的辦公室,但是這表示官方已經意識到台灣出生率節節下滑的問題。

但結果有對症下藥嗎? 2017年台灣1年出生193,844人;2026年預估只剩94,373人。9年間少了99,471名新生兒,減少51.3%。「數字會說話,政府就是沒對症下藥,搞砸了。」

Open Questions

  • 政府未來是否會調整少子化補貼政策?
  • 高房價問題是否有具體解決方案?

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