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Back原油要運到中國先付天價!超級油輪美國到中國 租金破24億元震撼市場
原油要運到中國先付天價!超級油輪美國到中國 租金破24億元震撼市場
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

原油要運到中國先付天價!超級油輪美國到中國 租金破24億元震撼市場

Quick Look

中東戰事持續導致全球油輪供應緊張,一艘載運原油從美國墨西哥灣至中國的超級油輪租船費飆升至7600萬美元,約為戰前正常水準的11倍。運輸成本暴增,主要因波斯灣衝突使油輪需求上升,且產油國採取接駁運輸以降低穿越荷姆茲海峽的風險,進一步推高全球原油運輸費用。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中東戰事持續衝擊全球航運市場,特別是波斯灣地區的油輪供應。為降低穿越荷姆茲海峽遭伊朗攻擊的風險,產油國採取接駁運輸方式,即先將原油裝載於一艘油輪穿越海峽,再轉裝至另一艘停靠在阿曼灣的油輪,由後者運往亞洲。

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中東戰事持續衝擊全球航運市場。超級油輪示意圖。(歐新社)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕中東戰事持續衝擊全球航運市場,一艘超級油輪(Supertanker)近期以高達7600萬美元(約24.2億元新台幣)的租船費,從美國墨西哥灣沿岸前往中國,凸顯戰事造成可用油輪短缺後,全球原油運輸成本大幅飆升。

《CNBC》報導,知情人士指出,這艘名為「Alexandros」的超級油輪由貿易商Trafigura承租,預計11月19日左右裝載原油。相比之下,在戰爭爆發前,這條美國墨西哥灣沿岸至中國的航線正常租船費約為700萬至1000萬美元(約2.22億至3.18億元新台幣),如今價格已飆升至7600萬美元,最高約是戰前正常水準的11倍。

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以這艘油輪可裝載約200萬桶原油計算,每桶石油單趟航程的運輸成本相當於38美元(約1210元新台幣)。換言之,光是把原油從美國運往中國,運輸成本就占每桶原油價格相當大的比重。

航運成本暴增,主要與波斯灣戰事造成油輪供應緊張有關。中東產油國目前採取「接駁運輸」方式,降低油輪直接穿越荷姆茲海峽遭到伊朗攻擊的風險。

目前的運作方式是,一艘已裝載原油的油輪先穿越荷姆茲海峽,之後再將原油轉裝到另一艘停靠在阿曼灣的油輪,由後者接手把原油運往亞洲。

這種運輸方式雖然降低了油輪遭攻擊的曝險,也讓經由荷姆茲海峽的原油出口量回升,但代價是需要投入更多船舶,才能把同樣數量的原油運出波斯灣,進一步推升全球油輪需求與運輸成本。

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What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 若中東局勢持續緊張,油輪租船費將在短期內維持高位

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 此種接駁運輸方式將持續多久?
  • 若局勢升級,運輸成本還能上升多少?
  • 其他能源運輸管道是否會受到類似衝擊?

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