国家气候中心监测显示,2026年9月超强厄尔尼诺已形成,预计未来三个月海表温度将继续升高,峰值可能达3.2~3.5℃,将成为有监测记录以来最强厄尔尼诺。专家指出,厄尔尼诺不直接制造极端天气但会增大极端事件发生概率,今年冬季偏暖概率大但不排除强寒潮,明年春夏季影响更大,需重视极端、急转、异常天气及脆弱性地区的防范。
AI-generated summary
厄尔尼诺是赤道中东太平洋海表温度异常升高的气候现象,历史上曾发生过多次超强厄尔尼诺事件,如1998年和2016年均引发严重洪水灾害。国家气候中心负责监测和预报我国气候变化。
国家气候中心监测显示,2026年9月,超强厄尔尼诺已形成。预计未来三个月,赤道中东太平洋海表温度还将继续升高,并在秋末冬初达到峰值。我们正在见证的,将会是1951年有系统监测以来最强的一次厄尔尼诺。究竟该怎样读懂这个罕见的气象信号?“超强”两个字到底意味着什么?又会带来什么影响?我们需要做好哪些防备和应对?《新闻1+1》连线国家气候中心首席预报员赵俊虎、中国气象服务协会会长许小峰,带来分析解读。
此次厄尔尼诺发展速度特别快、强度将更强
国家气候中心首席预报员 赵俊虎:根据国家气候中心的监测,目前,赤道中东太平洋已经发生了一次超强的东部型厄尔尼诺事件。与历史上三次超强事件相比,这次事件有两个显著的特点↓
一是发展速度特别快。从进入厄尔尼诺状态到超强只用了5个月,而其他三次超强厄尔尼诺事件用了7到15个月。
二是强度将更强。前三次的峰值强度最大是2.8℃,本次可能达到3.2~3.5℃。这意味着本次厄尔尼诺事件将成为有监测记录以来最强的一次。
厄尔尼诺并不直接制造某次极端天气
厄尔尼诺事件跟具体的极端天气事件之间到底是什么样的关系?能说厄尔尼诺直接制造了一次极端天气吗?
赵俊虎:今年厄尔尼诺夏季发展以来,对我国的气候已经造成了一些影响。以今年的台风为例,今年的台风非常极端,有“抱团”来、50天内3个台风连续登陆同一个地方,这些罕见的现象与超强厄尔尼诺的快速发展是密切相关的,厄尔尼诺主要影响了台风的“生成地”和“行进路线”。一是导致了生成地的东移;二是路线变化多端;第三是台风“抱团”比较多,多个台风共存。
需要说明的是,厄尔尼诺并不是直接制造某次天气,而是调整了大气环流背景,使极端事件发生的概率明显增大。
今年冬季偏暖概率较大
暖冬与强寒潮并不矛盾
有消息说今年将会是暖冬,但是也有分析说今年的寒潮天气也会很强。这听上去很矛盾,该怎么理解?
赵俊虎:今年冬季偏暖的概率是比较大的,这是基于厄尔尼诺年冬季我国气温总体偏高的统计事实,但是暖冬指的是整个冬季的平均状态,并不意味着不会出现寒潮。暖冬里同样可能会出现间断性的严寒天气,比如去年冬季就发生了多次强寒潮的过程。这主要是因为我们国家地处东亚中高维地区,冬季气候受中高维气候的影响比较大,当西伯利亚高压增强的时候,就容易引发寒潮过程。因此,暖冬与强寒潮并不矛盾,公众更应该关注气温的间断性起伏。
对厄尔尼诺可能产生的
灾害和影响要给予更高重视
超强厄尔尼诺有滞后性,赤道中东太平洋海表温度高峰将出现在秋冬,但更大的影响在明年的春夏季。面对这样的特点,预防应对工作该怎样有针对性地去做?怎样防止出现“重当下、轻长远”的偏差?
中国气象服务协会会长 许小峰:国家气候中心对明年的厄尔尼诺的影响给出了非常肯定的结论,做气候预测是不太容易的,但像今年这样一致的意见是很难得的。说明我们对整个气候前期的各种因子给出了非常强的信号,而且厄尔尼诺在整个气候预测中是公认的最强信号,所以大家都很重视。
特别是今年,国家气候中心已经监测达到超强水平,可能是有史以来的最高水平。在这种情况下,对它可能造成的影响就要给予重视。另外它的影响今年已经有了,但更强烈的影响可能要到明年夏季。最近两次超强厄尔尼诺——1998年大洪水、2016年长江流域大洪水都造成了很大的灾害。今年我们已经预报了超强甚至是历史最强的厄尔尼诺,到明年可能产生的灾害和影响,就要给予更高的重视。
今年冬天总体偏暖,另外波动性很强,也就是说有时候暖有时候冷,寒潮也偏多,这些都需要我们做好准备。对于明年可能出现的强烈极端降雨、这种区域性的灾害,应该给予更高的重视。
要加强对极端、急转、异常等天气的防范
我们国家在厄尔尼诺背景下,面临的是复合型的天气风险,南方、北方气候不一样,遇到的极端天气形态也不一样。对于基层预警落地有什么建议?
许小峰:我们做气候预测的时候,往往给一个平均值,比如偏多、偏高、偏少、偏大等,这些信息对于具体的防灾减灾部门来说,有时在具体使用时会困惑:到底“偏多”在哪?时间上怎么分布?是先多后少还是时多时少?这种变化我们可能在长期气候预测当中并没有很好地给出准确的信号,这就需要整个气象部门在递进式预测、递进式服务方面加强。
同时对我们的用户、各个部门来讲,要加强几个方面的关注:
一个是“极端”。在全球气候变暖特别是超强厄尔尼诺的背景下,极端天气出现的概率非常大。
第二个是“急转”。一会儿旱、一会儿涝,我们明明在抗旱,突然一场暴雨或台风来了,出现了旱涝急转。
另外一个是“异常”。在平时不怎么下雨的地方下雨了,虽然雨量不大,但当地的承受能力很差。比如南方下一场大暴雨能扛住,但西北那些山区,下几十毫米的米就出灾。这种异常的降雨一些山区可能应对不了,这可能也是一个问题。
还有极端的“脆弱性”。许多地区可能灾害情况按常规来看并不是很极端,也不是很强,但它所在的地方很脆弱,比如说建筑不行,或者有一些特殊的设施经不住风、经不住雨,这也需要特别关注。
对于这些点,应该把它们列入防范日程,给予更多的关注和考虑。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
明年春夏季将出现强烈极端降雨,可能引发区域性洪涝灾害
Likely · Within months
今年冬季整体偏暖但波动性强,可能出现间断性强寒潮
Likely · Within weeks

Lin De'en, a doctor of atmospheric sciences at the National Taiwan University, posted a National Day fireworks viewing guide on his Facebook page. He pointed out that the fireworks will be launched at 8pm on the south side of the Beinan River outlet in Taitung City. It is recommended that the area around the International Landmark of the Seaside Park or the southern seawall of Fugang Fishing Port be the best viewing spots. The Taipei 101 National Day display is scheduled to be held at 10pm. The recommended viewing spots are near the Civic Plaza in front of the Taipei City Hall or the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall. Lin Deen reminded that although the temperature is hot during the day, there is still a chill in the morning and evening. It is recommended to bring a thin jacket to avoid catching a cold.
It will be mainly cloudy or sunny in the central and eastern regions, and the heavy rainfall in Hainan has come to an end. Cold air will affect the north. From the 11th to the 13th, most areas will have a temperature drop of 4 to 6 degrees Celsius. The local temperature drop in central and eastern Inner Mongolia can reach 8 to 12 degrees Celsius. Heavy fog occurred in northern Anhui, Jiangsu, southeastern Sichuan and other places, and mild to moderate haze occurred in central and southern North China, western Huanghuai and other places.

New research from the University of Hong Kong found that extreme heat may have contributed to as many as 3,238 excess deaths in the city over the past decade. Environmentalists and academics criticized the absence of a systemic heat-health action plan in Hong Kong’s first five-year plan and latest policy address, warning that relying on 'common sense' fails to protect vulnerable residents from rising temperatures.
The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that there will be rain and snow in northern Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the next three days, and there will be rainfall in places from the eastern part of Northwest China to the western part of North China. From the 11th, cold air will affect the northern region. Most of the north will have a temperature drop of 4 to 6 degrees Celsius, and the local temperature drop can reach 8 to 12 degrees Celsius, accompanied by winds of magnitude 4 to 5 and gusts of magnitude 6 to 8.
The China Weather Network reports that the central and eastern regions will mainly have sunny weather today with relatively high temperatures. In the next few days, the warmth will continue in the south of the Yangtze River and in southern China. However, the north will be affected by cold air and experience increased rainfall and significant cooling, so it is necessary to add more clothes in time.
In the summer and autumn of 2026, the number and intensity of typhoons in the northwest Pacific were significantly higher. Among them, Typhoon No. 9 "Bavi", Typhoon No. 13 "White Dolphin", and Typhoon No. 18 "Shader" successively landed in Kanmen Street, Yuhuan City, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. A hat trick of three typhoons landing on the same street in 50 days was achieved, setting a meteorological record along the East China Coast. Meteorological experts point out that super El Niño is the main driver of the surge in typhoons, and global warming has also led to an increase in the frequency of strong typhoons landing in the northwest Pacific. Kanmen Street is surrounded by the sea on three sides and has an open terrain, which makes it vulnerable to typhoons from the northwest. However, historically, three typhoons have never landed on the same street in succession in the same year. This is an extreme event with a very low probability.