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Back台灣長照3.0試辦「共生宅」:提供失能長者介於家與機構之間的居住選擇
台灣長照3.0試辦「共生宅」:提供失能長者介於家與機構之間的居住選擇
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自由时报1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

台灣長照3.0試辦「共生宅」:提供失能長者介於家與機構之間的居住選擇

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衛福部長石崇良宣布長照3.0規劃試辦『共生宅』,讓無血緣關係的失能長者共同居住並導入長照服務,以解決台灣超高齡社會中長者居住選擇單一的問題,強調生活自主與尊嚴的重要性。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

台灣進入超高齡社會,長照制度原假設老人有家庭照護,但少子化、晚婚、不婚與獨居增加使此假設崩解,長者面臨在家照護或入住機構兩極選擇,中間缺乏制度支援。

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◎ 陳擷安

台灣進入超高齡社會之後,長照政策又走到下一個轉折點。衛福部長石崇良近日宣布,長照3.0規劃試辦「共生宅」,讓彼此原本不認識、沒有血緣關係的失能長者共同生活,再把長照服務導入住宅。這項政策表面碰觸台灣高齡政策一個長期被忽略的問題:我們一直討論誰來照顧老人,卻比較少討論老人究竟應該住在哪裡。當一個人逐漸失能,目前家庭往往只剩兩種選擇,一是在家中由家人、外籍看護或居服員照顧,另一種就是入住住宿式長照機構。但在「家」與「機構」之間,其實還存在一大片制度空白。

衛福部長石崇良近日指出,預計2026年就會啟動「共生宅」(或稱共生之家)試辦。(資料照)

這個空白會隨著人口結構改變而愈來愈明顯。過去的長照制度建立在一個重要前提上:老人通常有家庭,而家庭裡有人可以協助照顧。但少子化、晚婚、不婚與獨居人口增加後,這個前提正在快速消失。未來許多七、八十歲長者可能有退休金、有住宅,也還具有部分生活自理能力,卻沒有可以每天陪伴的子女。如果只是因為需要協助洗澡、備餐或服藥,就必須離開熟悉生活進入大型機構,對當事人而言未必是最理想的選擇。長照真正需要處理的,不只是「失能程度」,還包括人的生活方式與居住尊嚴。

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「共生宅」值得期待之處,就在於它試圖把照顧帶進生活,不是把人帶進照顧機構。幾名長者共同住在一般住宅空間,各自保有一定私人生活,又可以共享客廳、餐廳及照顧資源,需要時再由居服、護理或其他長照專業人員進入服務。這種模式若能成熟,一方面可以降低獨居長者的孤立風險,另一方面也能讓有限的照顧人力服務多位住民,提高資源使用效率。更重要的是,它讓「老後生活」不再只有住家與機構兩個極端,而增加一種比較接近日常生活的中間選項。

理想「共生宅」藍圖是,幾名長者共同住在一般住宅空間,各自保有一定私人生活,又可以共享客廳、餐廳及照顧資源,需要時再由居服、護理或其他長照專業人員進入服務。(本報製圖)

但共生宅真正的成敗,要看長者是否真的擁有選擇權。共生不是把幾名陌生老人安排在同一間房子就完成了。誰決定住在一起?生活習慣不同發生衝突怎麼辦?失智程度加重後是否還能繼續居住?如果其中一人需要二十四小時照護,其他住民的生活會不會受到影響?這些看似生活瑣事,其實才是制度能否長久運作的關鍵。因此,政府試辦時最需要建立的不是漂亮的硬體,而是入住評估、住民自治、退出機制與照顧資源銜接。共生住宅之所以有價值,正是因為它仍然是一個「家」,而不是把小型機構換一個比較溫暖的名稱。

長照3.0如果要比過去再往前一步,就應逐漸走向支持一個人繼續生活。老化不代表一個人突然失去所有自主能力,失能也不代表只能被安排到某個地方接受管理。對許多長者而言,真正想要的可能非常簡單:有自己的房間、有人一起吃飯,需要幫忙時找得到人,同時仍然可以決定今天幾點起床、吃什麼、看什麼電視。這些事情在制度報表裡很難變成KPI,卻正是人的尊嚴所在。台灣下一階段的長照改革,應是增加多少種可以選擇的老後生活。當一個人老了、失能了,仍然可以選擇自己想怎麼住,才是真正以人為中心的長照。

許多長者真正想要的,可能只是可以自己決定今天幾點起床、吃什麼、看什麼電視;示意圖。(資料照)

(作者為台大醫學院碩士)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 共生宅將於2026年啟動試辦

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 共生宅的入住評估標準將如何訂定?
  • 住民自治機制將如何運作以處理生活衝突?
  • 當住民失能惡化時的退出機制是什麼?
  • 長照專業人員進入服務的頻率與成本如何分配?

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