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Back每3个成年人就有1个高血压 警惕这个“无声的杀手”
每3个成年人就有1个高血压 警惕这个“无声的杀手”
Health
中国新闻网2 hours agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

每3个成年人就有1个高血压 警惕这个“无声的杀手”

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全国高血压日之际,最新流行病学调查显示我国18岁及以上成年人高血压患病率达31.6%,超半数患者不知情。高血压呈年轻化趋势,专家指出熬夜、久坐、高盐高脂饮食等因素降低发病年龄线,建议年轻人定期测血压。文章强调早发现早干预的重要性,尤其对家族史人群应从30岁起定期监测,并介绍基层医疗机构通过规范管理标准提升高血压防控水平,提醒秋冬季节血压波动及柚子可能影响降压药代谢的注意事项。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

全国高血压日是提高公众对高血压认识的重要时点。文章引用最新流行病学数据指出我国成年人高血压患病率高达31.6%,且超半数患者未被诊断。高血压被称为“无声的杀手”,早期常无明显症状但已造成器官损害。近年来高血压呈年轻化趋势,与生活方式密切相关。国家已将高血压管理纳入基本公共卫生服务,并发布基层防治管理标准以提升慢病防控水平。

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8日是全国高血压日。在很多人的观念中,“头晕”“头疼”是高血压的很多表现,但实际上高血压是一个“无声的杀手”,其损害往往在出现明显症状前就已悄然发生。如何科学进行预防和干预高血压?

最新流行病学调查数据显示,我国18岁及以上成年人群高血压患病率高达31.6%,相当于每3个成年人中就有1人患病。同时,超半数患者对自身病情一无所知,长期未控制的高血压会增加患心脏病、脑卒中等疾病风险。

有人认为,高血压是老年病,只要年龄不大就没有患病的风险,但实际上我国高血压疾病正呈现明显的年轻化趋势。专家表示,熬夜、久坐、高盐高脂饮食,生活压力较大等因素都在不断拉低高血压发病“年龄线”。中国医学科学院阜外医院心血管内科主任医师王增武表示,20~59岁的中青年人群,高血压的患病率上升趋势明显,高血压在年轻人中可能症状不明显,但它是心脑血管疾病的重要危险因素。年轻人应定期测量血压,如果血压出现了异常,应该及时就医,并根据医生的建议进行必要的治疗。通过这些措施可以有效降低心血管疾病的风险,保护心脏和血管健康。

早发现、早干预

这些控压常识请收好

越早“看见”血压的变化,就越有机会把损害挡在门外。尤其是对有遗传家族病史的人群来说,更应积极关注血压变化。临床数据显示,约60%的高血压患者有高血压家族史。如父母双方均于55岁以前发生高血压,其子女患高血压的风险可能增加两倍以上。中国医学科学院阜外医院心血管外科主任医师高华炜提示,相关高危人群应该实现血压的定期测量、长期监测。

高华炜:有家族遗传病史的人群建议从30岁起,每年至少测量2~3次血压,如果有条件,可以自备家庭血压计,每月监测1~2次。超重或者肥胖的人,长期饮酒、精神紧张或者熬夜的,也应该每半年测量一次血压。还有合并其他慢性疾病的人群,比如糖尿病的患者、血脂高的患者、慢性肾病的患者,也要定期监测血压。通常每3~6个月复查一次。随着年龄的增长,血管硬化,弹性下降,高血压患病率显著升高,40岁以上的人,建议每年至少测量2~4次血压。

保持良好的生活习惯能够预防及推迟高血压的发病。高华炜建议,每天盐的摄入量应该是5克以下。尤其需要注意的是酱油、咸菜、香肠、腌肉这一类食物,里面含盐量很高,这些也要算进去;控制脂肪的摄入;对于超重或者肥胖的人,减肥是挺重要的一件事,体重每减轻10公斤,收缩压也就是高压有可能会减5~10mmHg。此外,要增加运动,比如快走、游泳、骑自行车,这些都是很好的有氧运动。保证充足的睡眠对于血压的控制也很有益处。

基层织密高血压防控网

筑牢慢病管理防线

近年来,我国持续构建预防、治疗、康复全链条防控体系,将高血压规范管理纳入基本公共卫生服务项目,基层医疗卫生机构常态化开展心血管疾病高危人群筛查工作,有效打通相关慢病管理的“最后一公里”。

在上海市奉贤区西渡社区卫生服务中心,居民每次体检都需要进行血压、血脂等指标筛查。尤其是高血压、高血脂等慢病群体,需要定期回到社区随访,做好疾病的持续管理。上海奉贤西渡社区卫生中心副主任俞英介绍,通过将疾病管理关口前移,能够有效实现对高血压等疾病的早发现、早诊断、早干预。

2025年9月,国家卫生健康委发布《基层医疗卫生机构高血压防治管理标准》,并于今年3月1日正式施行,明确对基层医疗卫生机构高血压防治管理的设备配置、药物保障、管理流程以及技术要点等进行规范指导。中国医学科学院阜外医院心血管外科主任医师高华炜认为,相关标准落地提升了基层机构对高血压疾病连续管理的水平。

秋冬时节谨防血压波动

近期,全国各地普遍气温下降、昼夜温差拉大,患有高血压的人群容易出现血压波动的情况,如何正确应对?

深秋季节,明显降低的气温会引起外周血管收缩,这是造成高血压人群血压波动的重要诱因。尤其是针对部分夏季因血压水平降低调整药物的患者群体,应及时做好血压监测,并考虑前往医院由医生评估后进行用药方案的调整。北京医院老年医学部主任医师齐海梅提醒,秋冬控压,关键在“稳”,患者切勿自行调整用药,避免造成血压大幅波动。

秋季也是柚子上市的季节,对于长期服用降压药的人群来说,柚子中含有的呋喃香豆素会抑制肝脏代谢酶的活性,影响药物代谢,可能造成患者体内血药浓度异常升高,广东省中医院主管药师潘智然提醒,西柚等含有该成分较高的水果,高血压用药人群应慎食。

监制丨樊新征

记者丨杜希萌 王殿甲 李富海

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 随着基层医疗卫生机构高血压防治管理标准的全面实施,高血压的早诊断率和规范管理率将在未来1-2年内显著提升。

    Likely · Within years

  • 若年轻人群未能改变熬夜、久坐、高盐高脂等不健康生活方式,高血压患病率将继续在该群体中上升。

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 年轻人群高血压患病率的具体年度增长数据是多少?
  • 基层医疗机构执行新标准后的实际控血压率提升情况如何?
  • 柚子对不同种类降压药的相互作用强度存在差异吗?
  • 家族史人群定期监测的依从性和长期干预效果如何评估?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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