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Back直徑變胖3吋!NASAMS增程飛彈為何無法改由F-16掛載?
直徑變胖3吋!NASAMS增程飛彈為何無法改由F-16掛載?
NEWS
自由时报1 hour agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

直徑變胖3吋!NASAMS增程飛彈為何無法改由F-16掛載?

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美國宣佈對台出售AMRAAM-ER增程型飛彈,該飛彈採用前窄後寬設計,彈體直徑從7吋增至10吋,重量從158公斤增加至279公斤,無法由F-16戰機掛載,但標準AIM-120飛彈可在戰時由空轉地,裝填至NASAMS系統使用。

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Why It Matters

台灣採購的國家先進地對空飛彈系統(NASAMS)第一階段購案已進入交貨期,隨案獲得的AMRAAM-ER增程型飛彈雖名稱帶有空對空飛彈縮寫,但實為地面防空優化的特殊變體。

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美國宣佈售台AMRAAM-ER飛彈,彈體 「前細窄後寬粗」,與標準型的AIM-120飛彈不同。(圖:取自雷神公司網站)

〔記者羅添斌/台北報導〕我國採購的「國家先進地對空飛彈系統」(NASAMS),第一階段購案已進入交貨期,然而許多人好奇,隨案獲得的 AMRAAM-ER 增程型飛彈,名字裡明明帶有「空對空飛彈」的縮寫,未來是否能改由空軍現役的 F-16V 戰機掛載,以一舉延伸戰機的制空打擊範圍?結果可能會與你我想像的不同,因為AMRAAM-ER飛彈是專門為地面防空優化的特殊變體,現階段是無法由戰機掛載的。

從技術規格來看,AMRAAM-ER 的彈體設計出現了根本性的「基因重組」。它採取了「前窄後寬」的複合式架構:前端的導引段與戰鬥部,保留了標準 AIM-120 先進中程空對空飛彈的 7 吋主動雷達尋標架構;但為了大幅提升射程,後端的固體火箭推進器(Rocket Motor),則直接換裝了美海軍現役 RIM-162「進化型海麻雀飛彈」(ESSM)的大型推進火箭。

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美國先前出售歐洲國家的NASAMS系統,射擊的飛彈為AIM-120系列飛彈,彈體為長竹竿型,與AMRAAM-ER飛彈明顯不同。(圖:取自Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace網站)

這項推進系統的改造,直接導致飛彈的物理幾何數據產生劇烈變化。AMRAAM-ER 的彈體直徑從原本的 7 吋暴增至 10 吋(25.4公分),彈體總重量也從 158 公斤飆升至 279 公斤。F-16 戰機翼尖的 LAU-129 飛彈發射軌,不論是在物理卡槽尺寸、結構承重強度,還是高酬載下的電子反饋介面,都完全無法相容這款「胖了一圈且重量翻倍」的重型飛彈。

此外,在氣動飛行工程與適航認證上,兩者也存在技術鴻溝。一款飛彈要由戰機掛載,必須經過漫長的「機彈一體」風洞測試與高空實彈拋投試驗,確保戰機在超音速飛行或激烈空戰大G力迴轉時,不會因飛彈震顫而造成機翼結構受損。AMRAAM-ER 的尾部控制翼面是專為地面垂直/傾斜發射、迅速衝刺至高空攔截巡弋飛彈與無人機而優化,並未通過與 F-16 戰機的氣動外形整合與拋投認證。

雷神公司測試AMRAAM-ER飛彈射擊畫面。(圖:取自雷神公司網站)

不過,這項設計並不妨礙台美不對稱戰力的彈性整合。技術上,NASAMS 系統的發射箱採用了高相容性的通用導軌與開放式軟體架構,雖然地對空的 AMRAAM-ER 無法送上天,但 F-16 戰機平時掛載的標準 AIM-120C-7/C-8 空對空飛彈,在戰時卻能隨時「由空轉地」。萬一戰時基地跑道受損導致戰機無法升空,地勤人員能透過系統的數位資料鏈整合,立刻將戰機飛彈拆下並裝填至 NASAMS 系統中,與增程彈混裝接戰,展現極高彈性的後勤韌性。

Open Questions

  • AMRAAM-ER飛彈的實際射程是多少?
  • 台灣何時完成NASAMS系統的全數交付?
  • 未來是否有計畫開發可由F-16掛載的增程型空對空飛彈?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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