
德國與法國在歐中貿易談判前夕致函歐盟執委會,倡議賦予歐盟在必要時立即阻止中國進入單一市場的貿易武器,以反制中國的關鍵稀土出口管制等經濟脅迫行為,並擴大調查範圍至整產業而非特定產品。
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歐盟與中國即將展開貿易談判,德國與法國憂慮中國的關鍵稀土出口管制及廉價電動車湧入對歐洲產業造成衝擊,尋求更強硬的貿易應對工具。
初次上稿10-06 22:59
更新時間10-07 06:42
德法倡議祭重拳反制中國經濟協議,必要時阻止其進入歐洲市場。(法新社)
〔編譯魏國金/台北報導〕在歐盟與中國即將展開貿易談判前夕,德國與法國敦促歐盟在必要時得以動用新的貿易武器,包括立即斷絕中國或其他國家進入歐洲單一市場,以反制其實施關鍵稀土出口管制等經濟脅迫。
這項德法倡議顯示柏林立場重大轉向,作為歐洲最大經濟體的德國苦於因應中國廉價電動車湧入以及美國關稅。
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德國總理梅爾茨與法國總統馬克宏週一致函歐盟執委會主席馮德萊恩,呼籲「歐盟須握有一個可信工具,得以採取果斷與系統性回應;必要時動用的強大措施,最嚴厲者可立即阻斷其進入此內部市場」。
雖然該信函沒有明確點名中國,然而歐盟正尋求重新平衡歐中貿易關係的方式。歐盟貿易事務專員塞夫柯維奇(Maros Sefcovic)本週將赴北京,與中國官員舉行為期兩天的會談,而下週歐盟成員國領袖也將在布魯塞爾舉行峰會,討論與中國貿易失衡的議題。
該信函敦促歐盟擴大貿易工具箱,以因應日益加劇的「貿易武器化、系統性市場扭曲行徑以及全球宏觀經濟失衡」。這包括建立一個「強有力的工具」,在面臨關鍵供應限制時可迅速啟動。
分析師認為,上述呼籲是針對去年北京對稀土與磁鐵實施出口管制,導致歐洲部份汽車供應商因相關材料短缺而被迫停工、停產。
除此之外,該信函也敦促對化學、塑膠、油電混合車等整體產業進行調查,釐清是否面臨高額補貼進口的不公平競爭,並採取積極回應。相關調查可能導致新關稅。目前歐盟類似的調查聚焦特定產品,而非整體產業。
德國官員表示,該提議旨在賦予歐盟類似美國301條款的工具,該條款提供政府對貿易夥伴加徵關稅的廣泛自由裁量權。
德國總理梅爾茨表示,「我們希望賦予歐盟執委會權力,在必要時,使其得以快速行動。近年歐洲貿易政策的缺點就是要花很長的時間才能做出決定」。
歐洲改革中心(Centre for European Reform)首席經濟學家托多爾(Sander Tordoir)說,「這是德國的分水嶺時刻,對於中國對其產業發動的貿易與產業政策戰,以及對此提供強大助力的匯率操縱,柏林不再天真」。
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AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
歐盟將在未來數週內討論並可能採納德法提出的貿易武器框架
Likely · Within weeks
若歐盟採取行動,中國可能對歐洲農產品或其他出口進行報復
Possible · Within months

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