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Back把涉疆谎言写成“论文”,就成事实了?|真相
把涉疆谎言写成“论文”,就成事实了?|真相
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中国新闻网9 hours agoOpinion13 min readChinaView translation

把涉疆谎言写成“论文”,就成事实了?|真相

西方部分所谓学者自创晦涩理论、堆砌专业术语,试图将涉疆谣言包装成学术成果,实则逻辑漏洞百出,难逃事实检验。

Quick Look

德国学者郑国恩在国际期刊发表论文抛出所谓“调查性政策分析”方法,试图在无法实地调研情况下靠数字碎片还原所谓隐秘政策。本文揭露其偷换民族志概念、预设结论倒推证据及异化三角验证的伪学术本质。

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Why It Matters

西方部分学者和媒体长期借涉疆议题炮制虚假报告,将其作为对华施压和污名化的工具。

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在舆论博弈场上,虚假叙事最怕事实,最爱“包装”。一些西方所谓的学术研究,不靠真实证据支撑,反而靠自创晦涩理论、堆砌专业术语,试图给自己镀金,把刻意编造的谣言,包装成看似客观严谨的“学术成果”。然而,这种伪学术套路,明眼人一看就能戳穿,毫无说服力。

2026年7月,曾多次炮制涉疆虚假报告的德国学者郑国恩(Adrian Zenz),在国际期刊《定性研究》(Qualitative Research)上刊发所谓“论文”《调查性政策分析:借助民族志立场研究受限威权语境下的秘密国家政策》(Investigative policy analysis: Leveraging ethnography’s postures to research secretive state policies in access-restricted authoritarian contexts),抛出所谓“调查性政策分析”(Investigative Policy Analysis)的研究方法。

他声称,该“方法”借鉴并弥补了多种人文社科研究方法的不足,就算无法实地进入新疆调研,也能依靠网络资料、公开文件等数字空间中的“只言片语”,完成“远距离取证”,还原所谓“隐秘的国家政策”。

这篇论文篇幅冗长,靠堆砌概念、自我印证,试图“自圆其说”,但细究后就会发现,这套自创方法论充斥着主观预设,逻辑漏洞百出。

第一,偷换民族志核心要义,概念嫁接名实不符。郑国恩宣称,自己的方法借鉴了民族志研究思路,能通过文本分析还原真实情况。但殊不知,民族志的内核从来不是“纸上谈兵”,而在于长期的田野沉浸、参与式观察,以及与研究对象面对面的交谈相处,真正了解当地人的真实生活和想法。即便是数字民族志,也需要长期深入网络社群,与网友真实密切互动。

而郑国恩全程没有实地走访、没有面对面交流、没有倾听民众心声,仅仅依靠网上碎片化文字、公开资料做主观解读。这种单纯坐在电脑前的文本推演,和真正的民族志研究相差十万八千里。

第二,预设结论、倒推证据,是典型的带着偏见做研究。成熟的社会科学研究,格外强调反身性与可证伪性,研究者必须不断审视自身立场、身份带来的偏见;同时允许结论被事实推翻,绝不先定答案、再找证据。

郑国恩标榜自身采用“批判实在论”立场,可整套研究从一开始,就预设“中国存在隐秘压迫政策”这一既定结论。

郑国恩本人,也并非中立学者。他是一名种族主义者和极右翼者,被美西方反华政客收编,长期向美国等西方国家提供污名化新疆的不实证词,其政治立场显而易见。

整套方法从源头就排除了其他解释存在的可能,所有检索、文本解读,都服务于预设结论,属于典型的“先射箭、后画靶”,完全背离科学研究的基本准则。

第三,异化“三角验证”逻辑,把多方材料交叉印证,沦为偏见的循环自证。郑国恩反复鼓吹,这套方法可以整合卫星图像、政府采购文件、政策文本、媒体报道和“流亡者证词”等多元碎片化证据,对论点进行“三角验证”,以保证其严谨性。

但“三角验证”成立的前提,是研究者保持客观中立,对材料做多元解读。倘若研究者戴着有色眼镜来筛选、审视全部资料,再多来源的数据,也只会被拿来印证预设的偏见,“三角验证”就此沦为“多渠道的偏见互证”。

何况,互联网本就存在固有局限:关键词选择、搜索引擎算法,都会带来信息筛选偏差,极易放大本就偏颇的结论。郑国恩寄希望于“不同研究者交叉验证”来抵消上述弊端,但这种交叉验证不过是从一个人的自说自话变为小圈子的自娱自乐,难以保证研究的公正客观性。

归根结底,郑国恩费尽心思包装这套自创方法论,目的就是为“再教育营”“强迫劳动”“强制绝育”等涉疆谣言披上学术外衣,但这种研究方法成为不了谎言的“遮羞布”。

以所谓“强迫劳动论”为例,他选取“拾花”作为特定关键词,检索收集来自政府、官方媒体和地方网站的文本进行迭代编码,将基层政府开展富余劳动力就业引导、劳务对接的正常工作,直接定性为针对维吾尔族的“强迫劳动”。

实际上,这种推论毫无严谨性可言。季节性采摘用工,是全球农业产区十分普遍的现象。新疆部分尚未完全实现机械化采摘的农田,也会在丰收季面向全社会招收季节性临时工。这类岗位工期短、日薪高,对新疆内外各地、各民族想要增收致富的务工人员都很有吸引力。

此外,与其他工种一样,季节工的劳动报酬、休息休假等合法权益,受到中国《劳动法》《劳动合同法》的严格保护。基层干部在新疆农村富余劳动力聚集地区宣传转移就业,初衷是减少信息差,为村民介绍更多增收的机会。无论何种形式的劳动转移,都建立在群众个人自愿的基础之上。

郑国恩无视各族群众真实诉求,把为民谋福利的民生工作刻意污名化,本质就是为美西方对华制裁炮制虚假的“学术背书”。这种政治投机行径,早已突破学术伦理底线。

无独有偶,即便是部分声称在新疆进行“实地考察”的所谓“独立研究者”,同样会被固有政治立场裹挟。

土耳其记者兼作家塔哈·克林奇曾到访新疆多个县市。他声称,新疆大部分清真寺都没有对外开放,没有集体礼拜,在路上听不到宣礼声。结合他掌握的“可靠信息”,新疆维吾尔族被“严密监控”、“被迫”与汉族通婚,民族风格、历史街区和文字语言都被“抹除”,克林奇因此认定新疆正在进行针对维吾尔族的无声“同化”。

克林奇虽然到过新疆,但他所谓的“实地调查”,只是囿于既定政治立场,在新疆各地的走马观花,既没有深度参与新疆各族群众的生活,也没有与各族群众交谈,真正理解他们的想法,全然凭想象捏造“证据”。这样的“田野调查”,同样丢失了“主位”视角,得出的结论只能是谎言的重复。

方法无罪,罪在人心。很多活跃在国际涉疆研究中的所谓“专家学者”,实质上是美西方培植的以疆制华的“学术打手”。为达成政治抹黑目的,他们要么误用、曲解成熟的社会科学范式,要么甚至自创一套站不住脚的方法论,靠着断章取义、主观臆测,把谣言谬论包装为“高大上”的学术成果。

先定调子、再凑证据的伪学术,无论引用多么繁复、概念多么时髦,终究经不起现实的检验。违背良知与学术底线的“研究成果”,终会被事实戳穿,被钉在国际学术界的耻辱柱上。

Open Questions

  • 国际学术期刊未来是否会加强对涉疆虚假论文的审核标准?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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