
中国健康促进基金会健康传播与促进专项基金联合各方发布,聚焦颈肩腰背痛、腱鞘劳损、骨关节炎等七类常见疼痛的规范用药与就医建议
中国健康促进基金会健康传播与促进专项基金联合各方发布《无痛中国·常见疼痛应对核心提示(2026)》,针对颈肩腰背痛、腱鞘劳损、骨关节炎、运动损伤、痛经、头痛、牙痛七类常见疼痛,提出科学应对策略、镇痛药物规范使用及就医时机建议,帮助公众正确认识与科学管理疼痛。
AI-generated summary
疼痛被称为人的第五大生命体征,长期以来疼痛常被公众忽视,“忍痛”成为许多人的日常。中国健康促进基金会健康传播与促进专项基金联合各方发布《无痛中国·常见疼痛应对核心提示(2026)》,旨在帮助公众正确认识疼痛、科学管理疼痛。
疼痛是人的第五大生命体征。长期以来,疼痛常被公众忽视,“忍痛”成为许多人的日常。
日前,中国健康促进基金会健康传播与促进专项基金联合各方共同发布了《无痛中国·常见疼痛应对核心提示(2026)》,聚焦颈肩腰背痛、腱鞘劳损、骨关节炎、运动损伤、痛经、头痛、牙痛等七类常见疼痛,围绕科学应对策略、常用镇痛药物的规范使用、就医时机等方面提出具体建议,帮助公众正确认识疼痛、科学管理疼痛。
肩颈腰背痛常见
防护、用药、会锻炼
久坐办公族、长期体力劳动者、中老年群体等易患肩颈腰背痛。对此,《提示》建议保持正确姿势并做好防护,同时进行针对性锻炼,如肌肉拉伸、放松等。
药物治疗方面,普通酸痛优先选择外用药膏(双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂等),直达患处、精准抗炎镇痛、快速渗透,尤其适合老年及伴有基础疾病的疼痛患者。应注意皮肤破损处禁止使用,用药后如出现皮肤红肿瘙痒需及时停用;当疼痛范围较广、有明显疼痛或伴有红肿发热时可口服布洛芬等消炎镇痛药,每日单次400mg布洛芬即可达到镇痛效果上限,缓释剂型可实现12小时长效止痛。如果疼痛未缓解应及时就医。
腱鞘劳损易发炎
消炎镇痛莫拖延
肌肉、韧带、肌腱长期紧绷或反复摩擦,易发炎疼痛,如频繁敲键盘、长时间使用手机等容易导致腱鞘炎。急性期时冰袋冷敷减轻炎症,缓解期热敷促进血液循环,配合轻柔按摩拉伸,预防粘连,但应注意避免暴力按、揉。早期、轻度症状以休息和保守治疗为主,双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂等能够缓解症状;中重度症状需药物或医疗干预,若外用药物效果不充分,可在医生指导下短期服用抗炎止痛药或采取手术等其他治疗措施。
骨关节炎辨痛感
分层用药守规范
中老年群体、女性群体、体型偏胖或者曾经关节受过伤的人,更容易受到骨关节炎困扰。
发现骨关节疼痛应及时就诊确定病因。治疗方面,除生活方式调整外,注意根据疼痛程度分层用药:轻中度疼痛首选双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂等消炎止痛外用药;中重度疼痛可考虑口服布洛芬缓释胶囊或对乙酰氨基酚片,注意两类药物不可自行叠加服用;疼痛控制不佳时,可在医生指导下使用相关处方药物。
运动损伤及时治
冷敷、消肿、促化淤
运动人群因创伤或者长期重复动作导致肌肉、肌腱、韧带受损时,易引发疼痛。
运动损伤患者应分阶段处理,急性期(72小时内)可冷敷,并根据实际情况适当加压包扎、抬高患肢减轻肿胀,如皮肤没有破损,可外用双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂等消肿止痛,急性期后可在专业人员指导下口服活血止痛药物活血化瘀。若出现严重疼痛,可能存在骨折或肌肉损伤、韧带断裂风险,需及时就医。皮肤有破损时禁止使用外用抗炎乳胶剂。
痛经两种要知晓
合理镇痛效果好
痛经需明确是原发性痛经(找不到明确原因的)还是继发性痛经(由其他病因引起的)。
原发性痛经,首先调节心理、保证充足规律的饮食作息,可下腹部局部热敷;如果依旧疼痛,可以考虑口服布洛芬(如布洛芬精氨酸盐颗粒等,温热冲服起效快)或萘普生等非甾体抗炎药,可有效抑制引发疼痛的前列腺素;肠胃敏感者可选对乙酰氨基酚替代;绞痛严重者可遵医嘱使用解痉药缓解。继发性痛经,则需对原发病对症治疗,盲目用药可能耽误病情诊治。
头痛复杂早干预
如有异常速就医
偶发紧张型头痛可先休息放松;偏头痛、丛集性头痛发作,应尽早规范用药效果更好。
如果头痛反复发作,或突然加重,或伴随视力模糊、肢体麻木等异常症状,或出现新的头痛、恶心,应立即就医,避免延误诊治。
牙痛止痛权宜计
务必对症去根治
龋齿、牙髓炎及根尖周炎等患者牙痛发作时,先用毛巾包冰块,在疼痛部位进行冷敷,每次10分钟,若效果不明显,成人和12岁以上儿童可口服布洛芬缓释胶囊等缓解疼痛;若为细菌感染,需遵医嘱配合甲硝唑等消炎。若连续服药3天疼痛仍未缓解,务必及时到口腔科就诊。
敲黑板
疼痛不同 分型选药
不同剂型止痛药适用于不同类型的疼痛。缓释胶囊药效持久,适合慢性疼痛或持续时间较长的疼痛管理,例如腰背关节痛、头痛等;服用时需要整粒吞服,严禁掰开、嚼碎。颗粒剂易于随水服用,溶解速度快,起效迅速,适合需要快速应对急性头痛、牙痛等人群。液体剂型和咀嚼片易于吞咽、服用更方便。
本组文/本报记者 李洁

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