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Back聚焦美国中期选举:结果出炉后值得关注的六大问题
聚焦美国中期选举:结果出炉后值得关注的六大问题
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纽约时报中文网2 hours agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

聚焦美国中期选举:结果出炉后值得关注的六大问题

民主党力争夺取众议院控制权,共和党为可能的重大选举失利做准备

Quick Look

美国中期选举将成为特朗普第二任期议程的首次全国性公投,涉及关税、对伊朗战争和移民打击。共和党预计将失去众议院控制权,参议院也面临风险。民主党以降低生活开支为核心诉求展开竞选,力争在共和党传统地盘取得突破。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

过去两个月来,特朗普总统一直反复向选民发出呼吁,就当他的名字也在选票上。周二的中期选举将给选民一个这样做的机会。这场选举预计将成为对特朗普第二任期议程的首次全国性公投,该议程以影响深远的关税、不受欢迎的对伊朗战争以及激进的移民打击为特征。

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过去两个月来,特朗普总统一直反复向选民发出一个呼吁:就当他的名字也在选票上。

周二的中期选举将给选民一个这样做的机会。这场选举预计将成为对特朗普第二任期议程的首次全国性公投,该议程以影响深远的关税、不受欢迎的对伊朗战争以及激进的移民打击为特征。

共和党官员正为选民可能作出的严厉裁决,以及潜在的重大选举失利做准备。他们普遍预计,共和党将失去众议院控制权。与此同时,他们也越来越担心,参议院可能同样失守。

民主党人试图围绕选民对关税和战争推高物价的愤怒来展开竞选,将降低民众生活开支作为核心诉求。在特朗普的领导下,共和党人一直难以提出有说服力的正面回应。总统本人不仅淡化选民对经济的担忧,传递的政治信息也往往杂乱无章。

当然,美国政治从来不乏意外。尽管共和党在特朗普时代的前两次中期选举中表现均不及预期,但特朗普已经证明,他有能力动员最忠实的支持者投票。他还加大了对美国选举制度毫无根据的攻击,引发人们对于联邦政府可能干预选举结果的担忧。

民主党只需在众议院净增三个席位,就能取得多数席位。参议院的难度则大得多:民主党必须守住全部现有席位,同时从共和党手中夺取至少四席。他们正在得克萨斯州和堪萨斯州等地展开角逐。得州自1988年以来就没有选出过民主党籍联邦参议员,而堪萨斯州上一次选出民主党籍联邦参议员更要追溯到1932年。

如果民主党人至少翻转两个共和党控制的州长职位,他们将自2010年以来首次获得州长多数。当年,对奥巴马总统的不满情绪推动共和党掀起胜选浪潮,并深刻影响了此后的美国政治格局。

投票站将从东部时间下午6点开始关闭。随后的结果将至少在未来两年、甚至更长时间里塑造这个国家。以下是投票结束后值得关注的六个方面:

民主党能在多大程度上深入共和党的传统地盘?

看看竞选最后几天,哪些地方的选情依然胶着。

在共和党根基深厚的堪萨斯州和俄亥俄州,参议院选举陷入胜负难料的局面。民主党还在一些众议院选区形成了有力竞争,例如纽约州北部由众议员埃莉斯·斯特凡尼克腾出的席位。两年前,特朗普曾在该选区以21个百分点的优势获胜。

在佛罗里达州、内布拉斯加州和俄克拉荷马州等保守州,州长选情胶着。民主党州长协会主席、肯塔基州州长安迪·贝希尔周一晚上就在俄克拉荷马州为该党候选人拉票。自2000年阿尔·戈尔以来,再没有任何民主党总统候选人能在俄克拉荷马州赢得哪怕一个县。

上周末,共和党紧急向路易斯安那州的参议院选举投入资金。而此前这场选举一直被认为胜负毫无悬念。两党还在最后关头向密西西比州和南卡罗来纳州的参议院选战追加资金。民主党已经几十年未能在这两个州赢得参议院选举。

外界普遍预计,民主党将在至少部分共和党占优势的众议院选区获胜,甚至有望夺取一些共和党根基极为深厚的州的参议院席位。现在的问题是,民主党究竟能在共和党的传统地盘上取得多大突破。

选民对特朗普处理经济问题的方式有多愤怒?

选民最关心的是日常生活开支能否负担得起。民调显示,特朗普实施的关税政策以及他下令发动的战争推高了物价,引发选民不满。

选举前一天,特朗普却把时间花在谈论自己对华盛顿倒影池所作的改造上。过去几周,他在竞选集会上最令人印象深刻的一些言论涉及共和党参议员候选人的身体部位。

特朗普的支持率已跌至历史低点。那些按照他的形象重塑政治身份的共和党候选人正努力说服选民相信,他们能够保持独立。

在许多情况下,共和党人甚至没有试图论证经济状况良好,而是试图转移话题。

在密歇根州的参议院选战中,前众议员迈克·罗杰斯试图将其民主党对手阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德博士的穆斯林信仰和家庭背景推到竞选活动的中心。在得克萨斯州,选民看到了大量共和党广告,内容是关于民主党参议院提名人詹姆斯·塔拉里科过去对跨性别权利的表态。在缅因州,参议员苏珊·柯林斯向选民推销这样的理念:她四届任期积累的资历最有利于本州。

如果民主党人赢得众议院,他们的多数席位优势会有多大?

我们可能在晚上较早时候就能知道众议院将迎来怎样的夜晚。

在印第安纳州和肯塔基州东半部,投票站于东部时间下午6点关闭。肯塔基州第六国会选区(特朗普曾在2024年以15个百分点获胜)和印第安纳州第五选区(特朗普以17个百分点获胜)选情胶着。

这两场选战都竞争激烈,将揭示关于其余选区格局的一些初步线索。这些选区汇集了农村和郊区选民,通常是共和党的安全选区。

全国还有数十个类似的众议院选区。

全国重新划分选区之争带来了什么影响?

从去年夏天得克萨斯州开始,共和党主导的各州陆续着手重新划定国会选区边界,试图为本党争取更多众议院席位。

新选区图基于这样的想法:2026年的选民结构将与2024年助特朗普赢得大选时的选民结构大致相似。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 共和党将失去众议院控制权

    Likely · Within days

  • 参议院可能同样失守

    Possible · Within days

Open Questions

  • 民主党能否在众议院净增三个席位取得多数
  • 民主党能否守住参议院全部现有席位并从共和党手中夺取至少四席
  • 民主党能否至少翻转两个共和党控制的州长职位
  • 重新划分选区对2026年选举的具体影响

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This article was originally published by 纽约时报中文网.

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