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Back吃肉也要注意糖 研究:紅肉特殊糖類或與糖尿病相關
吃肉也要注意糖 研究:紅肉特殊糖類或與糖尿病相關
Health
自由时报1 hour agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

吃肉也要注意糖 研究:紅肉特殊糖類或與糖尿病相關

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法國巴黎北方大學研究團隊分析法國NutriNet-Santé研究的8萬9953名成年人資料,發現攝取來自紅肉的N-羥乙醯神經胺酸(Neu5Gc)量越高,罹患第二型糖尿病風險越高,最高攝取組風險增加63%,但僅證實相關性而非因果關係。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

科學家長期觀察到肉類攝取量增加與第二型糖尿病風險上升之間的關聯,但機制尚未完全清楚。此研究聚焦於紅肉中天然存在的糖類Neu5Gc,探討其可能的角色。

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〔編譯謝宜哲/綜合報導〕法國1項研究發現,紅肉中天然存在的1種糖類,可能有助於解釋科學家長期以來觀察到的肉類攝取量與第二型糖尿病之間的部分關聯。此研究發表在今年於義大利米蘭舉行的歐洲糖尿病研究協會年度會議上。

根據科學網站《SciTechDaily》報導,科學家長期觀察到,隨著來自肉類的N-羥乙醯神經胺酸(Neu5Gc)攝取量增加,罹患第二型糖尿病的風險也隨之上升,對此法國巴黎北方大學的研究團隊針對紅肉展開1項觀察性研究。

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研究團隊分析了8萬9953名參與法國「NutriNet-Santé」研究的成年人。這是1項大型前瞻性世代研究,旨在追蹤飲食、生活型態與健康之間的關係。參與者平均年齡為42歲,其中79%為女性。在分析開始時,所有參與者均未罹患第二型糖尿病或癌症。

每位參與者都完成了3份24小時飲食紀錄。研究團隊根據不同食物中實際測量的Neu5Gc,估算每位參與者的Neu5Gc攝取量。研究人員分析的肉類包括牛肉、羊肉、豬肉等,培根、香腸及醃製肉類則另外分類分析。

研究人員依據參與者攝取來自肉類的Neu5Gc量,將其平均分成5組分析結果顯示,隨著來自肉類的Neu5Gc攝取量增加,罹患第二型糖尿病的風險也隨之上升,且在攝取量較高的區間,風險增加的幅度最為明顯。與攝取量最低的組別相比,最高攝取組罹患第二型糖尿病的風險高出63%,第二高攝取組罹患第二型糖尿病的風險高出41%。

此數據為男性與女性合併分析的結果。這項關聯在男性與女性身上都可以觀察到,且沒有統計證據顯示兩個性別之間存在差異。攝取來自肉類的Neu5Gc量越高,風險出現越明顯上升。

此分析發現的是相關性,尚未證實Neu5Gc會直接造成第二型糖尿病,且研究團隊進一步考慮每位參與者吃了多少紅肉之後,無法確定Neu5Gc就是紅肉中導致第二型糖尿病風險增加的特定成分。Neu5Gc可能是其中一個影響因素,肉類中的其他成分或是攝取較多肉類者本身的其他特徵,也可能發揮作用。

另外在這項分析中,來自乳製品的Neu5Gc與第二型糖尿病之間並未發現關聯。牛奶中的Neu5Gc含量通常低於紅肉,而一般乳製品的單次食用份量,也可能使人體整體暴露於Neu5Gc的程度較低。

研究團隊指出,綜合來看Neu5Gc與第二型糖尿病之間的關聯,可能取決於飲食來源。相較於整體飲食中的Neu5Gc,來自肉類的Neu5Gc與第二型糖尿病風險呈現更強的關聯。不同來源的Neu5Gc可能存在差異,或者紅肉中的其他成分也可能有所影響。

研究團隊聲稱,未來研究應進一步探討,減少人體接觸來自肉類的Neu5Gc,是否有助於預防第二型糖尿病。例如可以優先選擇家禽肉或植物性蛋白質取代牛肉和羊肉,因為牛肉和羊肉的Neu5Gc含量最高。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來研究將探討減少人體接觸來自肉類的Neu5Gc是否有助於預防第二型糖尿病。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • Neu5Gc是否直接導致第二型糖尿病,或僅為相關因素?
  • 紅肉中其他成分是否也影響第二型糖尿病風險?
  • 減少紅肉攝取是否能顯著降低第二型糖尿病發生率?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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