
中国央行行长潘功胜表示,研究择机把央行公开市场主要操作品种的期限切换为隔夜
中国央行行长潘功胜在2026金融街论坛年会上表示,正研究择机将公开市场主要操作品种期限切换为隔夜,公开市场隔夜回购利率将相应成为主要政策利率。专家提醒此举为框架改革,不宜过度解读为降息。
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中国央行在2024年将7天期逆回购操作利率明确为主要政策利率,并逐步推进货币政策框架向价格型调控转型。
中新社北京10月20日电 (陶思阅)中国主要政策利率的锚点,或将从7天挪向隔夜。
中国央行行长潘功胜19日在2026金融街论坛年会上表示,研究择机把央行公开市场主要操作品种的期限切换为隔夜,公开市场隔夜回购利率将相应成为主要政策利率。
潘功胜指出,银行间隔夜回购利率作为货币市场交易活跃、最具基准性的利率,能够灵敏反映短期资金供求状况,近年来运行也更趋稳定,实际上已成为央行货币政策调控的目标利率。但与此同时,央行公开市场操作主要品种和主要政策利率的期限还是7天,两者并不完全一致。
2024年,7天期逆回购操作利率被明确为主要政策利率,由央行根据货币政策调控需要确定,以此推动货币政策框架向价格型调控转型。同时,其他期限工具利率的政策色彩逐步淡化。2025年3月,中期借贷便利(MLF)由单一价位中标调整为多重价位中标,完全退出政策利率功能,回归中期流动性投放工具的基本定位。
央行还配套创立了临时正逆回购操作,稳定隔夜市场利率波动。2026年6月又增加隔夜逆回购操作,逐步提高操作频率和操作量,进一步满足市场的差异化流动性需求。
广发证券资深宏观分析师钟林楠认为,将公开市场主要操作品种切换为隔夜、主要政策利率切换为隔夜逆回购利率,一则有助于提高流动性管理的精细度,更好地“削峰填谷”,提高政策对市场利率的掌控力;二则实现市场利率与政策利率期限匹配,理顺政策利率传导机制。
多位专家提醒市场,央行“换锚”仍属于货币政策框架改革的内容,不宜过度解读。国信证券经济研究所金融业首席分析师王剑认为,此次货币政策框架调整,核心是政策利率的选择和利率调控机制的优化,不涉及利率水平本身的调整,不能将操作期限、政策利率品种和定价基准的调整直接理解为降息或加息,也不宜据此判断货币政策立场是否发生变化。
广发证券首席经济学家郭磊也提到,央行在持续完善自身的货币政策调控框架,一系列制度设计一脉相承,沿袭了向价格型框架转型的思路,市场要避免将方向性的转型规划炒作成降息。
也有专家认为,主要政策利率切换属水到渠成。“对债券市场而言,资金利率中枢的下移已在存单与中长债市场获得相当程度的体现。”光大证券固定收益首席分析师张旭说,央行“研究择机”的表述意味着方向已经明确、时点留有余地,期限切换的正式落地仍待操作安排的进一步成熟,此时市场不宜过早“抢跑”。

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