
中東衝突推升國際能源價格,專家建議透過減稅與追加預算分擔業者負擔,避免長期供應風險
台灣綜合經濟研究院院長吳再益指出,中東衝突推升國際瓦斯價格,若全額反映國內桶裝瓦斯售價將飆漲超過一倍。他建議政府透過減徵瓦斯貨物稅50%及編列84億元追加預算,分擔中油與台塑石化配合凍漲價格的成本,以維護民生與長期供應安全。
AI-generated summary
中東衝突導致國際能源價格上漲,115年11月國際瓦斯價格每桶750美元,較114年同期467.5美元上漲60%,加上海運費用後漲幅超過90%。台灣採取桶裝瓦斯凍漲政策,由中油與台塑石化供應並吸收價差。
桶裝瓦斯(又稱液化石油氣),是百姓日常生活不可或缺的重要能源。(資料照)
〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕台灣綜合經濟研究院院長吳再益指出,桶裝瓦斯(又稱液化石油氣),是百姓日常生活不可或缺的重要能源,從家庭內的烹煮、沐浴使用,到外食的餐飲、小吃、夜市活動等,處處可見其身影,而其具有儲運便利、配送不受限等特性,對於管線天然氣不普及的偏鄉、山區、東部縣市及離島地區,更是維持基本生活的必要能源。因此,桶裝瓦斯價格的波動,不僅影響家庭開銷,也直接撼動餐飲成本與民生物價等多個面向,係為影響物價通膨的另一推力。
吳再益分析指出,我國油氣高度仰賴進口,因此當國際能源價格因地緣政治衝突出現異常上漲時,若國內市場立即反映成本,不僅增加民眾生活負擔,也會經由外食價格傳導,擴大整體物價上漲壓力。對收入相對有限的家庭及偏鄉、山區及離島百姓而言,民生必需的桶裝瓦斯價格大幅上漲所造成的衝擊,往往更為劇烈,不容小覷。
今年中東衝突對全球能源市場帶來嚴峻考驗,亞洲國家為填補中東供應缺口,增加向美國等地採購,又進一步帶動長程海運需求及運輸成本,使得國際油氣價格及海運、保險費用等皆同步大幅上揚。115年11月國際瓦斯價格每桶750美元,跟114年同期467.5美元比較,上漲60%,若再加上海運費用之採購成本漲幅,更是飆升到90%以上。也就是說,若各項漲幅全額反映至國內桶裝瓦斯售價,相較去年,則勢必飆漲1倍以上。
有鑑於中東衝突引發國際能源價格劇烈波動之影響,各國多有相關政策介入,避免直接衝擊百姓基本生活與維護社會經濟穩定,例如:日本透過地方政府補助,以減輕民眾能源支出;韓國運用能源券制度,強化弱勢家庭照顧;我國與印度、泰國等皆採取凍漲瓦斯價格之措施。而透過業者凍漲價格之作法,係由供應業者先行承擔應調而未調的價差。然而,若長期要求業者自行吸收虧損,除增加業者經營負擔、影響企業財務穩健及其後續穩定供應之能力外,亦會逐漸降低民營業者持續配合供應市場需求的意願。
吳再益認為,國內桶裝瓦斯市場由中油公司、台塑石化公司供應,政府在要求業者配合穩定價格的同時,實應合理分擔其配合政策的負擔,才能兼顧短期物價穩定與長期能源供應安全。因此,包括財政部透過減徵瓦斯貨物稅50%的措施,適度減輕業者負擔;經濟部編列84億元追加預算,協助分擔中油公司、台塑石化公司配合穩定瓦斯價格所承擔的額外成本等,確實具有其合理性。
政府編列追加預算補貼配合政策所致負擔,本質上並不是補貼企業獲利,而是由公共財政合理分擔成本,避免因短期穩定物價政策,反而影響民營業者供應意願、衍生長期供應風險,維持國內市場正常運作;從公共政策角度切入,穩定桶裝瓦斯價格的受益者,為廣大的家庭用戶及民生相關產業,透過財政資源適度承擔國際能源價格劇烈波動的衝擊,實質上將原可能轉嫁予百姓的部分成本,透過公共政策予以適時適度的緩和。
政府照顧民生,不僅是確保桶裝瓦斯供應無虞,面對中東衝突影響,政府適時運用強韌的財政工具,不啻穩定國內民生用氣價格,更是守護國人基本生活的具體展現。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
政府將繼續透過財政工具分擔桶裝瓦斯凍漲成本,以穩定民生用氣價格
Likely · Within months

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