
哈薩克央行因美債殖利率升至多年高點,開始出售黃金儲備,計畫將黃金佔比從78%降至75%,成為近年來全球央行購金趨勢的轉折點,對黃金市場構成新變數。
AI-generated summary
自2022年以來,全球央行年購黃金近1000噸,成為金價重要支撐。但美伊戰爭引發能源價格飆漲,部分國家為應對外匯與能源進口壓力,開始出售黃金儲備。
黃金市場正失去過去幾年最強勁的買家之一,哈薩克開始賣黃金。(法新社)
〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕自2022年以來,全球央行每年累計購入近1000噸黃金,成為推升金價的重要力量。然而,美伊戰爭引發能源價格飆漲,部分國家為應對外匯與能源進口壓力,開始出售黃金儲備。如今,全球主要黃金買家之一的哈薩克央行也加入賣金行列,在美國公債殖利率升至多年高點之際,轉而提高美元資產配置,為黃金市場帶來新的變數。
根據《彭博》報導,哈薩克央行正從全球最大的黃金買家之一轉為賣家,主因是美債殖利率大幅攀升,使央行有必要重新調整外匯儲備結構。美國10年期公債殖利率上週升至24年高點,也削弱不具孳息收益的黃金吸引力。
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哈薩克央行副行長莫爾達別科娃(Aliya Moldabekova)受訪表示,市場已經很久沒有見過如此高的殖利率水準,這使美元資產更具吸引力,相對降低黃金的投資價值。
哈薩克是全球第8大黃金生產國,其央行有權收購國內生產的全部黃金。自去年2月停止出售黃金後,央行黃金儲備已增至386噸,占整體外匯儲備約78%。莫爾達別科娃坦言,如此高的黃金比重,已使央行資產配置愈來愈接近單一資產投資組合。
截至9月底,哈薩克外匯儲備規模達664億美元(約新台幣2.1兆元),但央行認為,儲備資產仍必須維持足夠流動性。因此,計畫在今年底前將黃金占比降低約3個百分點,從78%降至75%,其中一半透過出售選擇權、另一半透過出售實體黃金達成。
不過,莫爾達別科娃表示,如果金價跌破每盎司4000美元,黃金占整體儲備的比重也可能因價格下跌而自然接近目標。
事實上,美伊戰爭自2月底爆發以來,黃金價格已下跌約2成。中東能源供應受阻推升通膨壓力,也帶動債券殖利率走高。今年1月,國際金價一度衝上每盎司5600美元高點,但隨後明顯回落。
過去幾年,各國央行持續增持黃金,尤其2022年西方國家凍結俄羅斯大量外匯儲備後,央行購金步伐進一步加快。然而,戰爭帶來的美元需求,也促使土耳其、俄羅斯等國今年陸續出售部分黃金。儘管如此,全球央行整體仍維持黃金淨買入,主要買家包括波蘭、中國與烏茲別克。根據世界黃金協會數據,哈薩克在2026年前8個月仍是全球第4大黃金買家。
對於後續走勢,哈薩克央行並未排除金價回升的可能。莫爾達別科娃指出,市場預測黃金價格仍有上漲空間,因此央行傾向先達成75%的配置目標,再觀察市場變化,不會過早制定更長期的減持計畫。
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AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
哈薩克央行將在今年底前將黃金佔比降至75%
Very likely · Within months
若金價跌破每盎司4000美元,黃金占比可能自然接近目標
Possible · Within months

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