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Back秋冬流感季来临 这份防护攻略请收好
秋冬流感季来临 这份防护攻略请收好
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中国新闻网2 hours agoHealth4 min readChinaView translation

秋冬流感季来临 这份防护攻略请收好

全国进入流感高发期,甲型H3N2与乙型流感共同流行,专家提醒重症预警信号及疫苗接种重要性。

Quick Look

中国进入流感高发季,甲型H3N2与乙型流感共同流行。专家指出流行节奏前移,强调儿童、老人等高危人群需警惕重症信号,并建议尚未接种疫苗者尽快完成接种以获得保护。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中国流感高发期通常为每年11月至次年3月。今年7月以来,全国范围内甲型H3N2亚型和乙型流感共同流行。

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央视网消息:天气渐冷,正是流感高发季节。今年流行的流感毒株有什么新变化?流感疫苗还管用吗?一起来了解。

今年7月以来,全国甲型H3N2亚型和乙型系共同流行,甲型H3N2亚型占比超过乙型Victoria系,要提前做好防护。专家介绍,今年流感流行季最值得关注的特点是多毒株共同活跃、流行节奏前移。叠加近期全国大范围降温、人群室内聚集增多,校园、写字楼等密闭场所聚集性疫情风险增加。

专家称,今年流行毒株确实和往常年不太一样,现在甲乙流都有,甚至甲流里边甲型H3N2和甲型H1N1也都有。往常可能就是一个毒株占明显的优势,其他的两个毒株占比很少。但是今年看到这三个毒株都有,只是甲型H3N2略有优势。但是周边国家都是甲型H1N1,和我国又不一样,而且甲型H1N1有上升的趋势,所以有可能后边这个(优势)株还会换。

重症有迹可循 警惕不同人群预警信号

儿童、65岁以上老人、孕产妇、慢性病患者以及免疫力低下人群是流感重症高危人群。出现什么信号说明病情正在加重、必须马上就医?继续来了解。

专家表示,患者出现重症倾向的时候,一般表现更容易出现持续高烧,或者使用退热药以后,退下来一部分,很快又再升上来,发病超过五天还没有缓解的趋势。如果合并了肺炎,可能会出现剧烈咳嗽、胸闷、胸痛、呼吸急促、喘憋、呼吸费力。儿童如果出现脑炎,他会意识淡漠,甚至嗜睡,不容易叫醒,或者是特别烦躁,频繁呕吐,这些提示可能已经有神经系统损伤了。还有就是年轻人,合并心肌炎,尤其是劳累了、熬夜了,可能会出现活动以后感觉到胸闷、胸痛、气促,甚至头晕、晕厥的症状。老年人他更容易出现的就是食欲下降、意识淡漠,活动明显减少。老人没有高烧,但是精神变得很差的时候,也要提高警惕。

现在打流感疫苗晚不晚?疫苗怎么选?

我国流感高发期一般是11月到次年3月。9月初,各地就启动了流感疫苗接种。今天是10月最后一天,还没接种的人再打是不是有点晚了?另外,今年上市的流感疫苗有好几种,到底选哪个更好?

专家称,流感疫苗接种最佳时机是九、十月份,就是在流感季来之前。因为打完疫苗之后要2—4周才能产生比较好的保护作用,但是如果错过了这个时间,在整个流感季都是可以接种的。早打比晚打好,晚打比不打要好。

根据中国疾控中心发布的《中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南(2026—2027)》,本年度推荐的三种疫苗组分均进行了更新,其中包括三价裂解疫苗、三价亚单位疫苗和三价减毒活疫苗。其中三价裂解疫苗和亚单位疫苗可以用于6月龄及以上的人群,包括0.25毫升和0.5毫升两种规格。三价减毒活疫苗是适用于3到17岁的人群,每剂次0.2毫升。选择哪个疫苗更好?

北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院副院长冯录召介绍,亚单位和裂解是两种灭活工艺。简单来讲,裂解疫苗就是把整个病毒通过技术打碎了。第二个是亚单位是把蛋白进行纯化,相对来讲把它有效部分进行纯化,制备成疫苗。从大量的临床试验证据和上市后应用来看,亚单位疫苗和裂解疫苗以及减毒活疫苗安全性和有效性都是非常良好的。(减毒)鼻喷疫苗因为采取的工艺是减毒的工艺,就是把流感病毒的毒性、致病力进行减小,让它既能引起保护的效果,又不至于致病。所以,推荐3—17岁人群使用,不推荐给老年人和免疫力低下的人群使用。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 流感疫苗接种需求将在冬季持续增长

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 后续流感毒株优势是否会发生变化?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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