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Back米中首脳会談、レアアース輸出規制の「貿易休戦」延長が焦点に
米中首脳会談、レアアース輸出規制の「貿易休戦」延長が焦点に
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時事通信1 hour agoPolitics2 min readJapanView translation

米中首脳会談、レアアース輸出規制の「貿易休戦」延長が焦点に

中国の輸出許可遅延と外交カード化が協議の足かせに

Quick Look

24日の米中首脳会談では、中国によるレアアース輸出規制を巡る「貿易休戦」の延長が主要議題となる。中国側による輸出許可の遅れや、レアアースを外交カードとして利用する姿勢が鮮明となっており、米中間の協議は難航している。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中国は昨年4月、全世界を対象にレアアースの輸出管理を強化した。米中対立に加え、日中関係の悪化も輸出規制の背景にある。

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【ワシントン、北京時事】24日の米中首脳会談では、中国産レアアース(希土類)の輸出規制強化を停止する「貿易休戦」の延長が焦点となる。期限は11月10日だが、中国側の輸出許可の遅れが解消せず、協議の足かせとなっている。日中関係の悪化で対日輸出も急減し、レアアースを外交カードに使う中国の姿勢が鮮明だ。

第2次トランプ政権発足直後、米中対立は一時100%超の関税を掛け合う貿易戦争に発展した。レアアース生産量で世界最大の中国は昨年4月、対抗措置として全世界を対象に輸出管理を強化。高市早苗首相の台湾有事を巡る発言で日中関係も冷え込み、軍民両用品の対日規制を強めた。

20日の米中閣僚級協議では、貿易休戦の延長が持ち越された。グリア米通商代表部(USTR)代表は、中国のレアアース制限が「不確実性を生み出した」と批判。欧米メディアによると、中国企業が米企業への出荷を拒む例も出ている。延長期間を巡り、米国は6カ月間、中国はトランプ政権の任期末までを主張し、折り合わなかった。

中国のレアアース輸出総量は増えた一方、重要品目や特定国向けは抑制された。2025年は全体で約6.3万トンと過去10年で最多だったが、電気自動車(EV)に必要な永久磁石の対米輸出は前年比で約2割減。今年は持ち直したものの足踏みが続き、対日輸出も7月に前年同月比で半減した。

米国は今年の20カ国・地域(G20)議長国として、重要鉱物の供給網安定を議長声明に盛り込んだが、中国だけが反対したと名指しする異例の対応に出た。トランプ米大統領は22日の高市首相との会談でも、レアアースを念頭に安定調達に向けた連携を確認した。難航する米中貿易休戦の延長協議をまとめられるか。首脳合意の実効性が試される。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 米中首脳会談での貿易休戦延長協議の継続

    Likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 米中首脳会談で貿易休戦の延長合意は成立するか
  • 中国側の輸出許可遅延は解消されるか

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

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