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Back犬を飼うと認知症リスク48%減 東京に住む1万人以上を調査
犬を飼うと認知症リスク48%減 東京に住む1万人以上を調査
Health
ITmedia3 days agoHealth3 min readJapanView translation

犬を飼うと認知症リスク48%減 東京に住む1万人以上を調査

国立環境研究所や東京大学などの研究チームが発表した、犬の飼育と認知症発症リスクおよび費用対効果に関する調査報告

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国立環境研究所や東京大学の研究チームが、東京都の高齢者約1万1千人を対象に調査を実施。犬を飼育している高齢者は、飼育していない人に比べて介護が必要な認知症の発症リスクが48%低いことが明らかになった。

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Why It Matters

国立環境研究所や東京大学の研究チームが、国際学術誌に認知症リスクと犬の飼育に関する論文を発表した。東京都の65〜84歳の高齢者1万1224人を対象に7年半の追跡調査を行った。

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国立環境研究所や東京大学などに所属する研究者らが国際学術誌「International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health」で発表した論文「Investigating the Potential Protective Effect of Dog Ownership on Incident Disabling Dementia and Its Cost-Effectiveness」は、犬の飼育が高齢者の認知症の発症リスクに与える効果と、その費用対効果を調査した研究報告だ。

この研究では、東京都に住む65~84歳の高齢者1万1224人を対象に、7年半にわたって調査した。対象の内訳は、現在犬を飼っている飼育者963人(8.6%)、過去飼っていた飼育者2539人(22.6%)、これまで犬を飼ったことがない非飼育者7722人(68.8%)だった。追跡期間中に1989人(17.7%)が介護が必要な認知症を発症した。

犬の飼育と認知症の発症リスクを分析(操作変数解析)した結果、現在の飼育者は、非飼育者と比較して、介護が必要な認知症になるリスクが48%低いことが示された。ただし、過去飼っていた飼育者では、認知症の発症に明確な差はほとんど見られなかった。

では、なぜ犬を飼うことがこれほどまでに心身の健康に良い影響を与えるのか、研究では主に3つの理由が推測されている。1つ目は、毎日の犬の散歩による運動不足の解消と、散歩を通じた近所の人たちとの会話による孤立の防止という可能性。

2つ目は、犬と見つめ合ったり触れ合ったりすることで分泌される「オキシトシン」(愛情ホルモン)が、脳の働きや代謝に良い影響を与えるという可能性。3つ目は、犬の散歩を通じて外の自然や土の菌に触れる機会が増えることで、飼い主の腸内環境が豊かになり、免疫力が高まるという可能性だ。

さらに研究チームは、犬の飼育がもたらす経済効果も調べた。研究チームの試算によると、日本の高齢者の13.4%まで犬の飼育者が増えれば、エサ代など含め家計からの支出を含む社会全体の追加費用は4年間で約4.63兆円に上ることが推定された。

公的支払の観点からの発見もあった。高齢者が犬を飼うことで健康が維持され、医療・介護費が4年間で約5920億円削減されることも分かった。

Open Questions

  • 犬の飼育が認知症リスクを低下させる直接的な因果関係のメカニズム
  • 他のペット飼育による同様の効果の有無

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This article was originally published by ITmedia.

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