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Back長者記憶力衰退靠學習新知逆轉 醫:大腦終身具學習能力
長者記憶力衰退靠學習新知逆轉 醫:大腦終身具學習能力
Health
自由时报1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

長者記憶力衰退靠學習新知逆轉 醫:大腦終身具學習能力

家醫科醫師陳欣湄分享,一名有明顯記憶問題的長者透過學習新事物,5年來不僅未惡化為失智症,反應力更有所提升。

Quick Look

一名長者因記憶力明顯下降差點走向失智,主動透過學習新知識,5年來成功逆轉病情且反應力提升。家醫科醫師陳欣湄指出,不同年齡層大腦具不同學習優勢,老年人持續學習新事物有助保持大腦認知能力。

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Why It Matters

陳欣湄醫師在臨床上觀察到長者透過持續學習新技能,維持了大腦認知功能。文中亦引用多項關於各年齡層認知能力的研究。

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〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕一名長者因記憶力明顯下降,與醫師談話15分鐘後就忘記內容,當時雖未達失智症程度,但醫師已評估似乎正朝那個方向前進。這名長者沒有被動等待,反而靠著學習新知識逆轉,5年來並未走到失智那一步。家醫科醫師陳欣湄指出,不同的年齡階段,大腦有不同的學習能力,即使到60、70歲,透過持續學習新事物,認知能力仍可能有所進步。

陳欣湄於臉書「陳欣湄。家醫科女醫師日常」發文分享,一名長者幾年前到門診時,已出現明顯記憶問題。兩人談話15分鐘後,長輩會完全不記得剛才說過的內容,重新問一次同樣的問題,因此建議長者先到神經內科接受評估。評估當時她雖尚未達到失智症程度,但已讓醫師感覺可能正朝這個方向發展,這位長者後來主動表示:「我想學東西」!

陳欣湄接著說,直到現在快5年,這位長者一直跟著她的門診,這5年不僅沒有走到失智那一步,反應力甚至還變好了一點。換言之,記憶力隨年齡改變,不代表大腦失去學習能力,研究發現不同年齡各有不同的認知優勢。

英國一項著名的倫敦計程車司機研究發現,這些司機必須熟記複雜的倫敦街道路線,研究觀察到與空間記憶相關的海馬迴後段變大了。你不必為了讓記憶力變好而記住整座城市,這篇研究帶來的最大提醒是,大腦會因為學習而改變。

●18歲以前學得最快

一份66萬人、1百多萬人的語言研究發現,學文法的速度可以一路維持到18歲前後,之後才開始明顯往下掉,反應速度差不多在十幾歲的尾聲見頂。

●20幾歲記得最牢

一項4萬8千多人的認知測驗發現,記性最好的時候,落在20歲出頭,而大腦裡負責傳訊號的白質,要到快29歲才長好,所以出社會後,大腦還在升級。

●中年判斷得最準

那份4萬8千人的研究還發現,光「看眼神判斷對方情緒」的能力,在40到60歲間最穩。而詞彙量到50歲以後,都還在往上。這就是為什麼很多人常說,隨著年紀變大,經驗會上升的道理。

●老年從零學習可保持大腦記憶力

一份研究觀察259位60到90歲的長輩,讓他們從零開始學攝影、學拼布,一週花10幾個小時、學了3個月,記憶測驗竟然也跟著進步。

陳欣湄總結,對長者而言,不妨從自己有興趣的事情開始,例如,學習AI工具、攝影、插花、繪畫或其他新技能。不必要求自己一次就學會,重點是願意嘗試、持續練習,讓大腦保持接觸新事物的機會。當你學會新事物,腦部會跟著進步,永不嫌晚。

Open Questions

  • 該長者具體學習了哪些新事物?
  • 未來是否會持續追蹤更多類似個案?

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