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Back特朗普承諾若共和黨贏得期中選舉將發放5,000美元
特朗普承諾若共和黨贏得期中選舉將發放5,000美元
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BBC中文7 minutes agoPolitics5 min readChina

特朗普承諾若共和黨贏得期中選舉將發放5,000美元

美國總統唐納德.特朗普表示將向每名美國成年人發放5,000美元,但引發法律與財政可行性疑慮。

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美國總統特朗普在黨代表大會上承諾,若共和黨贏得11月期中選舉,將向每名美國成年人發放5,000美元。此舉引發民主黨抨擊為空頭承諾,專家則對其合法性及1.3兆美元的資金來源提出質疑。

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美國即將迎來11月的期中選舉,共和黨民調表現面臨壓力。

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美國總統唐納德.特朗普(Donald Trump)表示,如果共和黨贏得11月的期中選舉,每名美國成年人都將獲得5,000美元(3,700英鎊),但目前尚不清楚這項計劃將如何籌措資金,以及是否合法。

他的言論在週三晚間的黨代表大會上引發支持者熱烈歡呼,但民主黨則稱之為「空頭承諾」。

特朗普還向共和黨大會表示,這筆錢必須在美國境內使用,但目前尚不清楚將如何監督執行。

美國副總統JD.萬斯(JD Vance)則表示,這筆款項可能來自關稅收入,而且富裕美國人將不會獲得這些支票。

特朗普的提議是否合法?

根據美國聯邦法律,為影響他人投票方式而提供金錢是違法的。

然而,一些專家表示,特朗普週三在德州提出的方案,也可能被視為減稅承諾,而這是合法的。

南安普敦大學(University of Southampton)法律講師瓊.馬奧尼博士(Dr Joan Mahoney)向BBC表示,她認為這項提議屬於合法範圍,但她也指出,政治人物「通常不會表達得如此直接」。

她說:「一方面,這聽起來有點像賄賂,投票給共和黨就能拿到錢,而這顯然是違法的。」

「但另一方面,無論投票給誰,每個人都能獲得這筆錢,因此從這個意義上來說,它並不構成賄賂。」

「我認為這是合法的主張。這就像競選承諾『如果我的政黨勝選,我們將減稅』一樣。所有政黨經常都會這麼做……而這顯然完全合法。」

不過,皇家國際事務研究所(Chatham House)美國及北美項目主任勞雷爾.拉普(Laurel Rapp)向BBC表示,特朗普的提議似乎是「一種非常不同、非常交易式的安排」,與候選人在選舉期間通常作出的承諾並不相同。

這將花費多少?

除了合法性問題之外,也有人質疑,在美國債務持續增加(部分原因與伊朗戰爭有關)的背景下,特朗普的提議是否有財務上的可行性。

美國有接近2.7億名成年人,意味著每人發放5,000美元將使美國政府支出約1.3兆美元(1.3 萬億美元)。

特朗普並未說明這些支票的資金將從何而來。

在美國,開支須由國會批准,但總統沒有表示是否打算就相關付款尋求立法授權。

法律專家則表示,他不太可能透過總統行政命令批准如此龐大的支出。

總部位於華盛頓的稅務基金會(Tax Foundation)資深經濟學家埃麗卡.約克(Erica York)向BBC表示,若國會批准任何相關提案,她將「極為驚訝」。

她說:「這將是使用1.3兆美元最糟糕的方式之一。」

約克補充表示:「我們正走在一條極度不可持續的道路上,預計財政赤字只會持續擴大。」

關稅收入能支付這筆錢嗎?

在特朗普發表演說後,副總統萬斯在接受福克斯新聞(Fox News)訪問時表示,這些款項可能由總統透過關稅所取得的收入支付。

然而,迄今為止的關稅收入遠遠不足以支付特朗普承諾的5,000美元支票。

根據兩黨政策中心(Bipartisan Policy Center)的數據,自2025年初以來,美國透過關稅及消費稅收入共徵收到約4,750億美元。

但由於美國最高法院今年稍早裁定撤銷多項關稅措施,其中超過1,000億美元已被退還。

當被問及這項發放計劃如何運作時,白宮向BBC發表聲明表示:「唱衰者和反對者一直都在低估特朗普總統。」

發言人戴維斯.英格爾(Davis Ingle)補充說:「在美國人民持續支持下,特朗普總統將繼續交出實際成果。」

特朗普為何提出這項方案?

一名前共和黨策略顧問兼民調專家表示,特朗普最新的提議必須放在距今不到兩個月的選舉背景下看待。

羅伯特.莫蘭(Robert Moran)向BBC表示:「這是一項非同尋常的承諾,我也不確定這筆錢將從何而來,但現在正值選舉季。」

皇家國際事務研究所的拉普表示,特朗普是在從短期角度思考,希望在任期最後兩年開始之前,保住國會控制權。

她接著說:「由於共和黨的民調表現不佳,而他本人的民調也不理想,因此他現在訴諸金錢手段。」

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 國會將拒絕批准發放5,000美元的提案

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 這筆1.3兆美元的資金將如何籌措?
  • 國會是否會批准相關發放提案?

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