
美國10年期公債殖利率近期快速攀升,24日突破5.17%,相較兩週前仍低於4.8%。市場人士指出,真正令人擔心的不只是殖利率升至多高,而是上升速度過快。回顧過去50年,類似快速上漲已有16次,每次都伴隨金融市場災難,如2023年矽谷銀行倒閉和1987年股市崩盤。專家警告,急升可能對房貸、企業融資、私人信貸及AI資料中心投資等造成壓力,銀行業、公用事業與住宅建商等利率敏感產業已出現壓力跡象。全球通膨、財政赤字與能源價格等因素共同影響債券市場,主要央行面臨重新收緊貨幣政策壓力。債市波動速度亦被視為對股市的潛在逆風。
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美國10年期公債殖利率近期快速攀升,24日突破5.17%,相較兩週前仍低於4.8%。市場人士指出,真正令人擔心的不只是殖利率升至多高,而是上升速度過快。
〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕美國10年期公債殖利率近期快速攀升,24日更突破5.17%,引發華爾街對金融市場潛在風險的關注。市場人士指出,眼下真正令人擔心的未必只是殖利率「升到多高」,而是上升速度太快。回顧過去50年,只要10年期美債殖利率出現類似的快速攀升,往往伴隨金融市場劇烈震盪,甚至爆發金融危機。
CNBC報導指出,10年期美債殖利率本週持續走高,24日突破5.17%,相較兩週前仍低於4.8%,而8月一度更低於4.6%,短時間內的大幅攀升,成為市場關注焦點。23日殖利率更出現自2025年4月7日以來最大的單日升幅。
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22V Research技術分析主管John Roque整理過去50年的10年期美債殖利率走勢後發現,歷史上共有16次出現類似的快速上漲,而每1次都伴隨某種形式的金融市場災難。這些事件的規模不盡相同,從2023年的矽谷銀行倒閉,到1987年的股市崩盤都有。
Roque表示:“就像黑夜之後必然是白天一樣,當10年期公債殖利率上升時,總會有一些事情受到影響。謹慎行事總是沒錯的。”
這背後的關鍵,在於10年期美債殖利率不只是債券市場的一個數字,而是整體經濟的重要借貸成本基準。房貸利率、企業融資,甚至部分避險基金交易,都可能受到10年期殖利率變動影響。當殖利率在短時間內急升,原本建立在低利率或穩定借貸成本上的投資與融資策略,就可能開始承受壓力。
過去的經驗也顯示,利率快速上升未必會立即引發危機,真正的問題可能在數個月甚至更久之後才逐步浮現。例如2000年代房市危機期間,利率上升讓部分採用浮動利率貸款的借款人還款壓力增加,也暴露出金融機構先前寬鬆放貸所累積的問題。網路泡沫破裂則涉及科技企業估值過高等多重因素,但利率上升同樣扮演了一部分角色。
如今市場開始尋找下一個可能承受壓力的環節。報導指出,部分交易人士將目光放在規模快速擴張、透明度相對有限的私人信貸市場,以及以大量債務支撐的AI資料中心投資計畫,其中部分融資甚至存在資產負債表之外的安排。
銀行業也是市場密切觀察的領域。Roque指出,過去利率快速攀升引發市場問題時,銀行業往往是受到衝擊較大的產業之一,目前區域銀行股已出現回落。此外,公用事業與住宅建商等對利率較敏感的產業,也開始出現壓力跡象。
值得注意的是,這波美債殖利率走高並非單一因素造成。近期全球通膨壓力、政府財政赤字與大量發債,以及能源價格等因素,都持續影響債券市場。路透社近期報導也指出,受到能源價格與通膨壓力影響,美國、歐洲及日本等主要央行正面臨重新收緊貨幣政策的壓力。
對股市而言,除了殖利率絕對水準,債券市場的波動速度同樣值得關注。摩根大通交易部門近期提醒投資人留意債券波動,認為相較殖利率本身的水準,債市劇烈波動可能對股票市場形成更大的逆風。
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AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
區域銀行股將在未來數週內繼續承壓,可能出現進一步下跌
Likely · Within weeks
私人信貸市場將成為監管與市場關注的焦點,因其透明度有限且規模快速擴張
Possible · Within months

Nantou Wanglai Industrial Park is currently home to the Aini Enterprise Tourism Factory, and another nine manufacturers are under construction, including the "Niaoqingshan" tourist and leisure park built by Baotian Group with an investment of 2 billion yuan. The county government estimates that after operation, the park will create an annual output value of 3 billion yuan, create more than 1,000 new job opportunities, and attract about 10,000 tourists every week.

The central bank's research report pointed out that geopolitical conflicts and the AI technology revolution have ended the era when the global supply chain was overly dependent on Chinese manufacturing. Taiwan, relying on the integrity of the semiconductor industry chain, is becoming the core of global AI hardware manufacturing and assembly. It is estimated that Taiwan's global trade surplus will reach US$205.4 billion in 2026, 4.2 times that of 2018. At the same time, the United States' global imports will reach US$1.1 trillion. Taiwan is the third largest trade importer of the United States, with an excess import of US$219.2 billion, surpassing China.

Benefiting from the wave of generative AI, Taiwan's trade surplus with the United States reached US$140.74 billion from January to August 2026, an annual increase of US$55.4 billion; Taiwan's trade with ASEAN exceeded US$44.66 billion, a new high for the same period. At the same time, due to the surge in demand for AI high-bandwidth memory, Taiwan's imports from South Korea increased to US$42.21 billion, and its imports from Japan exceeded US$19.51 billion. South Korea and Japan have become the top two sources of trade deficit.

A central bank research report pointed out that due to the impact of U.S. tariff barriers and information security compliance requirements, the traditional triangular trade model of Taiwan's electronics industry, "Taiwan receives orders, China produces, and sells in the United States," is collapsing. A large number of high-tech, security-sensitive and high value-added product lines are produced in Taiwan, while mid- to low-end products are transferred to ASEAN or the United States for local assembly. In 2025, the proportion of export orders produced in Taiwan will reach 52.9%, a record high; the proportion of production in China will drop to 26.2%; the proportion of sales to the United States will drop to 14.8%.

The fifth global digital trade expo "Digital Trade Night" was held in Hangzhou. The guest country Malaysia's program "Silk Road Double Rhythm·Digital Weaving the World" was staged, displaying the Hanbo Cup work show and Zhu Bingren's Beijing style melting show. The article pointed out that Shangcheng District uses the Digital Trade Fair as a window to connect fashion design, intangible cultural heritage skills, digital technology and professional markets, promote the extension of traditional markets from commodity distribution to original design, brand operations, cross-border trade, cultural tourism consumption and other diversified business formats, and explore new paths for the transformation and upgrading of traditional professional markets.

On Thursday (24th), gold prices fell back to a one-week low due to rising oil prices and hawkish statements from the Federal Reserve. December gold futures closed down 0.5% to US$4,298, and spot prices fell 0.5% to US$4,265.50 per ounce. As rising energy prices intensified concerns about inflation, a stronger US dollar and rising bond yields further suppressed gold prices.