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Back美國施壓50多國切斷伊朗航空與銀行連結,德黑蘭對外商業通道面臨窒息式封鎖
美國施壓50多國切斷伊朗航空與銀行連結,德黑蘭對外商業通道面臨窒息式封鎖
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自由时报1 hour agoWorld2 min readChinaView translation

美國施壓50多國切斷伊朗航空與銀行連結,德黑蘭對外商業通道面臨窒息式封鎖

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美國財政部近期向超過50個國家施壓,要求切斷與伊朗的航空及銀行連結,阿曼、土耳其、亞塞拜然、喬治亞等國相繼禁止伊朗航班或撤銷伊朗銀行分行執照,伊朗長賴以維生的區域航空與金融通道遭到逐步封鎖,儘管仍有少數飛往中國與俄羅斯的航線,但美方亦對兩國境內涉及伊朗的企業祭出制裁。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

伊朗早已被排除在美元體系之外,但過去數十年仍能透過鄰近國家的航線與區域銀行維持基本貿易。馬漢航空長年擔任西方與德黑蘭的斡旋橋樑,伊朗國民銀行及伊朗人民銀行是其主要商業銀行。

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伊朗馬漢航空(Mahan Air)客機降落葉門荷台達機場的畫面。外媒披露美國財政部近期向超過50個國家施壓,要求在中東與歐洲各國全面切斷與伊朗的航空及銀行連結,德黑蘭對外商業通道面臨窒息式封鎖。(路透資料照)

美國川普政府對伊朗的經濟封鎖全面升級,從單純制裁伊朗本土,擴大為向全球50多國施壓要求切斷商業連結。美國財政部高層近期密集走訪中東與歐洲,要求伊朗的周邊貿易夥伴在配合美方制裁或繼續與德黑蘭往來之間做出抉擇,伊朗長年賴以維生的區域航空與銀行通道,正遭到美方逐一拆解。

《華爾街日報》25日獨家報導,美國財政部反恐融資事務助理部長柏克(Jonathan Burke)本月展開為期2週的密集出訪,接連走訪阿曼、阿拉伯聯合大公國、土耳其及英國,向各國傳達華府將嚴格執行次級制裁的強硬訊息:「你要跟德黑蘭做生意,還是跟華府做生意?」報導披露,美方近期已就此與超過50個國家接觸。

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民航領域首當其衝。在美方強力交涉下,長年擔任西方與德黑蘭斡旋橋樑的阿曼已全面禁止所有伊朗航空公司的航班入境;土耳其也同步取消被視為與伊朗革命衛隊關係密切的馬漢航空營運;亞塞拜然與喬治亞等鄰近國家也相繼跟進封鎖,伊朗通往周邊區域的空中通道迅速遭到壓縮。

海外分行遭撤照 最後金融網絡告急

金融管道同樣遭到鎖死。阿聯官方已下令禁止伊朗最大商業銀行之一「伊朗國民銀行」(Bank Melli)在當地的分行進行涉及伊朗的任何交易;土耳其更直接撤銷伊朗大型私人銀行「伊朗人民銀行」(Bank Mellat)的營業執照,實質摧毀了德黑蘭透過鄰國結算國際貿易的後門管道。

報導分析,伊朗雖早已被排除在美元體系之外,但過去數十年仍能透過鄰近國家的航線與區域銀行維持基本貿易。如今美國財政部直接向這些中間交易夥伴施壓,迫使各國為了自身經濟安全接連撤照斷航,伊朗殘存的商業血管正被全面結紮。

儘管馬漢航空目前仍維持飛往中國與俄羅斯的少數航線,但美方亦同步對兩國境內涉及伊朗的企業祭出制裁。柏克此行最後一站前往倫敦,英國政府已表態不再延長部分伊朗銀行在歐洲的豁免,伊朗國民銀行在倫敦的營業執照預計下月面臨續約保衛戰。

前美國財政部官員李維特(Matthew Levitt)指出,這類商業圍堵唯有讓交易夥伴確信美方具備持續追打的決心,才會真正發揮窒息效果。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 更多國家將跟進禁止伊朗航班或限制伊朗銀行業務

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 伊朗將加強與中國、俄羅斯的雙邊貿易與金融合作

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 中國與俄羅斯是否會屈從美國壓力切斷與伊朗的商業連結?
  • 伊朗是否會尋求替代貿易路徑或金融體系來繞過制裁?
  • 歐洲其他國家是否會效仿英國,不再延長伊朗銀行的豁免?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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