Breaking
CNFocus Stocks》Pegasus: AI officially contributes, buying rushes in and soars to the limitBRSuspect of participating in robbery that left man injured dies in confrontation with police in MacapáCNFocus Stocks》Nandian: The major shareholder made another concession and the opening was weakCNKaohsiung International Cartoon and Animation Festival: Shocking news about secretly filming women’s skirts and the security guard was arrested on the spotCNFocus Stocks》Guoqiao: Revenue surged in September, foreign investors bought heavilyCNFocus Stocks》Evergreen: The Dharma expounds the good news and hits a new highITSeoul: 'several ballistic missiles' launched by North KoreaRURussians were warned about a new scheme to deceive children's benefitsKRHanwha Ocean establishes new organization and hires experienced employees in line with government nuclear submarine pushINSaudi Arabia: Fresh Houthi attack on Riyadh airport kills 1; Dammam also targetedCNFocus Stocks》Pegasus: AI officially contributes, buying rushes in and soars to the limitBRSuspect of participating in robbery that left man injured dies in confrontation with police in MacapáCNFocus Stocks》Nandian: The major shareholder made another concession and the opening was weakCNKaohsiung International Cartoon and Animation Festival: Shocking news about secretly filming women’s skirts and the security guard was arrested on the spotCNFocus Stocks》Guoqiao: Revenue surged in September, foreign investors bought heavilyCNFocus Stocks》Evergreen: The Dharma expounds the good news and hits a new highITSeoul: 'several ballistic missiles' launched by North KoreaRURussians were warned about a new scheme to deceive children's benefitsKRHanwha Ocean establishes new organization and hires experienced employees in line with government nuclear submarine pushINSaudi Arabia: Fresh Houthi attack on Riyadh airport kills 1; Dammam also targeted
Back美國停止公開處決已近一個世紀,如今為何重啟?
美國停止公開處決已近一個世紀,如今為何重啟?
BREAKING
BBC中文1 hour agoCrime3 min readChinaView translation

美國停止公開處決已近一個世紀,如今為何重啟?

Quick Look

美國國防部長皮特·赫格塞思宣布,軍方將於12月以行刑隊方式公開處決納達爾·馬里克·哈桑,並進行網上直播。此舉引發專家與社會各界關注,有人擔心死刑正變成一種娛樂形式,也有人指出美國民眾對暴力的接受度正在下降。文章同時回顧了1936年肯塔基州雷尼·貝西亞公開絞刑事件,指出那是美國最後一次受廣泛關注的公開處決。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

文章指出,美國上一次公開處決發生於1936年肯塔基州歐文斯伯勒,處決對象是雷尼·貝西亞。當時約有兩萬人到場觀看,事件後肯塔基州感到難堪,州長在18個月後禁止公開處決。隨後多數州廢除公開處決,社會傾向採用更私密方式。1937年密蘇里州另一場絞刑成為美國最後一次公開處決,直到如今。

Font size

作者, 希拉·弗林(Sheila Flynn)

角色, BBC 資深美國記者

發布時間 5 分鐘前

閱讀時間: 2 分鐘

他們從四面八方成群結隊而來。男女老少聚集在肯塔基州的河岸邊,觀看一名被裁定強姦並殺害一名年長白人寡婦的黑人男子遭公開絞刑。

那一天是1936年8月14日,地點在肯塔基州歐文斯伯勒(Owensboro)。當時正值傳奇熱浪席捲期間的一個酷熱星期五。有人為了保住觀看位置,前一晚就在絞刑架附近過夜;也有人在前一晚舉行所謂的「絞刑派對」,帶著宿醉前來,而青少年則向圍觀者販售爆米花和汽水。

到了清晨5時行刑時刻,現場人數已增至估計兩萬人。

就在此時,20多歲的孤兒雷尼·貝西亞(Rainey Bethea)走上絞刑架。此前,他在被指控承認搶劫、強姦並殺害70歲的利希亞·愛德華茲(Lischia Edwards)後,被判處死刑。

前一天下午,他享用了最後一餐,包括炸雞、豬排、馬鈴薯泥、醃黃瓜、玉米麵包、檸檬派和雪糕。

許多到場人士,包括來自芝加哥和紐約等地的記者,都是為了一睹傳聞中的「女劊子手」風采。當地警長於四個月前去世,其遺孀意外接替了他的職位。

不過,她拒絕親自拉下啟動絞刑機關的拉桿,因此最終是受僱的劊子手將貝西亞送上死路。

那一刻標誌著美國最後一次廣受關注的公開絞刑。圍繞貝西亞之死形成的鬧劇令肯塔基州許多人感到難堪,而州長在18個月後便禁止公開處決。

Skip 熱讀 and continue reading

熱讀

End of 熱讀

到那時,大多數州已廢除在公眾面前執行死刑。隨著社會觀念轉變,人們傾向採用更人道和更私密的處決方式。1937 年,密蘇里州另一場絞刑有數百人到場觀看,但外界所知不多;那次處決也成為美國最後一次公開處決,直到如今。

在雷尼·貝西亞(Rainey Bethea)被處決後九十多年,美國國防部長皮特·赫格塞思(Pete Hegseth)宣布,軍方將公開處決在2009年於德州胡德堡軍事基地(Fort Hood)殺害13名手無寸鐵戰友的納達爾·馬里克·哈桑(Nidal Malik Hasan)。

五角大廈隨後表示,這場定於12月以行刑隊方式執行的處決將進行網上直播。

赫格塞思說:「人們需要明白,這類行為會帶來嚴重後果。」

長期研究死刑問題的科羅拉多大學榮譽教授邁克爾·拉德萊特(Michael Radelet)對此感到震驚。

他告訴 BBC:「我從未想過還會再出現公開處決。」

他指出,公眾對死刑的整體支持度一直穩步下降。例如,1994年的支持率為80%,如今則為52%。

他說:「支持率大幅下降,尤其是在提供不得假釋的終身監禁作為替代方案時。」

現在判斷美國公眾對直播處決這一構想有何看法,仍為時尚早。但很可能會有數以百萬計甚至更多人收看。

對於赫格塞思的宣布,拉德萊特表示:「死刑的正當性變成了一種娛樂……帶上你的爆米花,邀請你的朋友一起來看吧。」

桑雅·李亞(Sonya Lea)去年才出版一本關於貝西亞處決事件的著作。當她得知行刑隊處決將進行直播時,她表示自己「為我們的後代感到極度恐懼」。

「1936年的人們稱之為施虐的狂歡,」她說。「如今我們擁有的技術,能讓它傳遞給比當年來到肯塔基州歐文斯伯勒圍觀的那兩萬人遠為龐大的受眾……這只會讓事情變得更加可怕。」

李亞的祖父母當年是那場處決現場的人群之一,當時他們還是剛結婚不久的青少年。直到祖母於2002年去世後,她才得知此事。她閱讀了祖母生前留下的一份記述,其中提到他們距離絞刑架近到足以聽見貝西亞頸骨折斷的聲音。

這位作家其後多年的研究讓她了解到,許多肯塔基州居民一直被那場處決所困擾。

她說:「我真心以為,我們早已把這種事情拋諸腦後。這種極端駭人的做法,如今世界上只有少數國家仍在實施,例如伊朗、北韓和阿富汗。」

「如今,美利堅合眾國難道正考慮把自己視為那類政府的一部分嗎?這實在太可怕了。」

不過,俄亥俄州立大學社會心理學教授科特·格雷(Kurt Gray)表示,美國政治中的兩極化與相關言論,或許已為這類宣布鋪平道路。

他說:「部分美國人或許渴望看到流血場面,但我認為許多美國人並非如此。而且,我覺得還有很多人只是逐漸變得麻木了。」

「因此,情況並不是他們在為公開處決歡呼,而是他們只是覺得:『喔,是啊,看來我們現在就是走到這一步了。』」

其他研究則顯示,赫格塞思與政府或許誤判了美國民意。

加州大學柏克萊分校暴力預防研究計劃主任加倫·溫特穆特(Garen Wintemute)表示,各項調查顯示,美國民眾對暴力的接受程度正在下降。

「今天早上,美國天主教主教團會議主席將這項(直播處決公告)稱為野蠻之舉,」他說。「我認為他代表了很多人的看法。」

「我的想法是這樣的:公開處決不能代表我們,」他補充說。「這不是一個國家所嚮往的樣子。」

到了星期五,圍繞赫格塞思突然宣布的爭論似乎也正在白宮內部上演。

美國副總統JD・萬斯(JD Vance)向記者表示,他對這場公開處決是否會按計劃進行並不確定,並說如果直播成行,他不會觀看。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 直播處決將引發廣泛抗議與法律挑戰

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 國內外壓力將迫使政府重新考慮或延期直播計畫

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 美國民眾對直播處決的真實支持度是多少?
  • 國防部是否具備法律權限進行公開處決?
  • 直播是否會受到平台審查或法律挑戰?
  • 這是否會影響美國在國際人權領域的形象?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by BBC中文.

Related Stories

Kaohsiung International Cartoon and Animation Festival: Shocking news about secretly filming women’s skirts and the security guard was arrested on the spot
BREAKING·

Kaohsiung International Cartoon and Animation Festival: Shocking news about secretly filming women’s skirts and the security guard was arrested on the spot

On the afternoon of October 11, an incident occurred at the Kaohsiung International Cartoon and Animation Festival. A 52-year-old man surnamed Chen, a security guard, was arrested on the spot using his mobile phone to secretly take photos. The police confirmed that a 22-year-old woman and a girl were the victims. They investigated in accordance with the Intrusion to Privacy and Prevention of Sexual Exploitation of Children and Juveniles Act, and continued to check the contents of the mobile phone to find out whether there are other victims.

自由时报
1 min read
Car burned down on roadside in Taichung in the early morning, charred body found in driver's seat
BREAKING·

Car burned down on roadside in Taichung in the early morning, charred body found in driver's seat

A car caught fire on Dongshan Road in Beitun District, Taichung City early this morning. After extinguishing the fire, firefighters found a charred body in the driver's seat. A cassette stove and a charcoal basin were found in the car. The police initially investigated that the owner of the car was a 62-year-old man named Gao. His son has been notified to undergo a paternity test to clarify his identity. The cause of death will be examined by prosecutors.

自由时报
1 min read
Kaohsiung man drove late at night and crashed into two cars and rolled over. He blew a big blow... Drunk driving caused trouble again
BREAKING·

Kaohsiung man drove late at night and crashed into two cars and rolled over. He blew a big blow... Drunk driving caused trouble again

On Mingcheng 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, near the Dayu Intersection, a drunken driver happened to drive his SUV after colliding with two parked cars on the roadside at around 2 a.m. on the 12th and then rolled over. The driver, Huang Man (34 years old), suffered contusions on his hands and feet and was sent to the hospital. He was not seriously injured. The police breath test showed that the breath alcohol concentration reached 0.64 mg per liter. According to the Road Traffic Management Penalty Regulations and the Criminal Code for Public Danger Crimes, he was transferred for investigation, and was fined and had his driver's license suspended for 1 to 2 years.

自由时报
1 min read
Here’s the truth | The so-called “gold social security card” is a telecommunications fraud. Don’t believe the “upgrade scam” easily.
Urgent·

Here’s the truth | The so-called “gold social security card” is a telecommunications fraud. Don’t believe the “upgrade scam” easily.

The so-called "gold social security card" that has a golden body and is circulated on the Internet is a typical telecommunications fraud. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has clearly refuted the rumor: there is no officially defined classification of gold and silver cards for current social security cards in the country, and there is no national standard for gold social security cards to correspond to higher social security benefits. Real social security cards are uniformly issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and cooperative banks, and individuals cannot pay to upgrade the card level. You can apply for a social security card through offline social security service windows or authorized bank outlets, or online through the local Renshe App, WeChat or Alipay "Renshe Mini Program". The public is reminded not to believe rumors and not to transfer funds to unfamiliar accounts for the so-called "gold card upgrade". They can call the 12333 Human Resources and Social Security service hotline for verification.

中国新闻网
2 min read
Last year, more than 26,000 cases were reported of domestic violence against the elderly, with psychological violence accounting for 44% of the cases.
Crime·

Last year, more than 26,000 cases were reported of domestic violence against the elderly, with psychological violence accounting for 44% of the cases.

There are more than 4.67 million elderly people over the age of 65 in my country. Reports of elderly protection cases have increased over the years, reaching more than 26,000 last year, of which 40% were mental violence and 30% were physical violence. In the past three years, Taichung City’s elderly protection case completion rate has increased from 34% to 49.8%, an increase of 15%. The Ministry of Health and Welfare pointed out that violence against the elderly is often accompanied by problems in family interaction and resource allocation, and it is preventing domestic violence through mechanisms such as service linkage, mental care linkage and local cooperation.

自由时报
2 min read
Kaohsiung girl died of serious injuries, suspected to have been abused for a long time/her 1-year-old brother was also injured all over his body and is not allowed to be seen by his parents in custody
Developing·

Kaohsiung girl died of serious injuries, suspected to have been abused for a long time/her 1-year-old brother was also injured all over his body and is not allowed to be seen by his parents in custody

A two-year-old girl from Kaohsiung City had multiple injuries on her body when she was sent to the hospital on the evening of October 8. After examination, it was determined that they were not caused by falling from the stairs, and she was suspected of being tortured to death for a long time. The prosecutor requested to detain his father, Xiong Nan, and his mother, Deng Nu, and the court allowed their detention. The girl's one-year-old brother also has injuries suspected of abuse and is currently hospitalized for observation. Her sister has been placed by the Social Affairs Bureau.

自由时报
2 min read
More on this topic公開處決