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Back染色体セントロメアの新解析法 病気の仕組み解明期待―国立がんセンターなど
染色体セントロメアの新解析法 病気の仕組み解明期待―国立がんセンターなど
Science
時事通信yesterdayScience2 min readJapanView translation

染色体セントロメアの新解析法 病気の仕組み解明期待―国立がんセンターなど

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国立がん研究センターや京都大などの研究チームが、ヒト染色体の中心部「セントロメア」のDNA塩基配列を大規模に解析する新手法を開発した。がんなどの病気のメカニズム解明や、人類の進化過程の解明に寄与することが期待される。

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Why It Matters

セントロメアは細胞分裂時に染色体が分配されるために重要な役割を担う部分だが、塩基配列が長大な繰り返し構造であるため、従来の解読手法では精度に課題があった。

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ヒトの染色体の中心部「セントロメア」のDNA塩基配列を大規模に解析する新たな方法を開発したと、国立がん研究センターや京都大、名古屋大などの研究チームが14日までに米科学誌セル電子版に発表した。

染色体の異常が、がんなどのさまざまな病気を引き起こす仕組みを解明したり、現生人類(ホモ・サピエンス)がアフリカで出現して世界各地に進出した過程を探ったりするのに役立つという。

セントロメアは細胞の分裂・増殖に先立ち、各染色体が複製された際に「動原体」ができる部分。この動原体が糸に引っ張られるような形で二つの細胞に分配されるため、重要な役割を担っている。しかし、4種類の塩基の配列がほぼ同じパターンの長大な繰り返しになっているため、配列を細切れにして解読してからつなぎ合わせる一般的な方法では、高い精度でつなぎ合わせることができない。

近年、高い費用をかければ長い配列を一気に解読できるようになり、研究チームは長い配列の中でも目印となるごく短い配列が所々にあることに注目。この目印に基づき、1番から22番の常染色体とX、Yの性染色体のセントロメアを計214種類のタイプに分類した。さらに、配列を細切れにして解読し、つなぎ合わせた既存のデータからでも、セントロメアのタイプを推定する方法を開発した。

Open Questions

  • この手法が臨床現場で活用されるまでの期間はどの程度か

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

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