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Back巴西牛肉輸中配額用罄 遭中國加徵55%附加關稅
巴西牛肉輸中配額用罄 遭中國加徵55%附加關稅
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

巴西牛肉輸中配額用罄 遭中國加徵55%附加關稅

巴西今年牛肉輸中配額已用罄,中國拒絕讓巴西使用烏拉圭未用完的配額,自1日起對巴西牛肉加徵55%附加關稅,總稅率達67%。

Quick Look

由於今年巴西牛肉輸中配額用罄且烏拉圭剩餘配額轉讓未獲北京批准,中國自1日起對巴西超配額牛肉加徵55%附加關稅,使總進口稅率升至67%,對高度依賴中國市場的巴西肉品業造成嚴重打擊。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中國為保護國內養牛業,今年1月起對主要牛肉供應國設定年度進口配額,超額部分加徵55%附加關稅。

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巴西駐台辦事處處長桑路易4月受訪表示,台灣是中國的一部分,多數國家都不承認台灣是獨立國家,外交部立刻表達抗議。巴西對中國示好也沒招來好處,輸中牛肉還被課重稅。南華早報1日披露,由於今年巴西牛肉輸中配額已用罄,中國拒絕讓巴西使用烏拉圭未用完的配額,因此,週四(1日)起對巴西牛肉加徵 55% 的關稅,使得超過配額牛肉的關稅稅率達到67%。

報導指出,中國商務部宣布,自10月1日起對超過年度配額的巴西牛肉加徵55%附加關稅,使超配額牛肉的總進口稅率升至67%。巴西今年配額僅110.6萬噸,已經全部用罄,巴西政府急著爭取借用烏拉圭未用完的配額,但中國至今尚未同意。這件事表明巴西牛肉恐暫時被擋在全球最大牛肉市場之外。

中國對巴西牛肉祭出55%附加關稅,背後是北京啟動的牛肉「保障措施」。中國為保護國內養牛業,今年1月開始對主要牛肉供應國設定年度進口配額,配額外再課徵55%附加關稅,措施將一路實施至2028年底。

中國海關資料顯示,巴西2026年牛肉進口配額已經全部用完。超過配額後,巴西牛肉還要加上原本12%的進口關稅,總稅率達67%,巴西業者認為這樣的成本已高到難以維持正常出口。

巴西對中國市場依賴程度相當高。巴西肉品出口業者協會(ABIEC)資料顯示,2025年中國從巴西進口168萬噸牛肉,占巴西牛肉出口量48%,金額達89億美元。ABIEC估算,今年中國給巴西的配額僅相當於2025年出貨量約65%,巴西今年整體牛肉出口量可能因此減少約10%。

面對配額用罄,巴西總統魯拉上週宣布,烏拉圭已同意讓巴西使用部分尚未用完的牛肉配額。烏拉圭今年獲配32.4萬噸,截至7月僅使用約28%;相較之下,巴西已經用光配額。不過,這項安排仍需要中國批准,目前北京尚未同意。

巴西牛肉輸中量其實早已急速下滑。今年上半年,巴西出口商為搶在配額用完前出貨,5月對中出口達15.48萬噸、6月更達15.83萬噸;但到了8月,出貨量暴跌至約1.61萬噸,部分肉品加工廠甚至減少屠宰量或安排員工集體休假。

此外,巴西還面臨歐盟市場受阻,以及美國牛肉重新搶進中國市場的雙重壓力。中國5月重新核發400多家美國肉品工廠輸中許可,巴西在中國市場的競爭壓力因此進一步升高。

Open Questions

  • 中國是否會同意巴西借用烏拉圭的未用完配額?

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