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Back德媒:中国公民赴德科研与留学签证拒签率上升,安全审查趋严
德媒:中国公民赴德科研与留学签证拒签率上升,安全审查趋严
Politics
德国之声35 minutes agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

德媒:中国公民赴德科研与留学签证拒签率上升,安全审查趋严

德国当局加强对中国科研人员签证审查,引发学术界关于科研安全与国际交流的讨论

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据德媒报道,德国近年来对中国科研及留学签证审查趋严,2025年约有400份申请被拒。德国安全部门担忧科学间谍活动及中国《国家情报法》的影响,而中国驻德使馆则批评相关指控毫无根据。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

德国安全部门担忧中国留学生及研究人员可能涉及科学间谍活动,并受到中国《国家情报法》的约束。德国政府计划于今年秋季启动国家层面的“科研安全平台”。

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(德国之声中文网)西德广播(WDR)、北德广播(NDR)和《南德意志报》9月10日发表的报道披露,中国公民赴德留学、从事科研签证的拒签数量每年达到三位数。与其他国家相比,“中国签证申请的被拒签数量尤为突出,只有伊朗签证申请的被拒数量略高于中国”。

报道提到,2025年有大约200份科研签证申请被拒,成功获得批准的科研签证数量为2100份。另外,2025年留学签证申请数量约为9000份,其中也有约200份被拒签。也就是说,去年总共有约400份签证申请被拒。

“提到航天、5G就很成问题”

《南德意志报》在其报道中提到,一些中国学者在希望赴德继续科研、申请签证时犯难:该如何准确描述计划在德国进行的研究?哪些关键词有帮助,哪些会引起德国当局怀疑?

对此,中国年轻学者们在相关论坛上展开了展开了讨论,他们中很多人是博士后。有人说,“5G”是一个容易引起怀疑的关键词,“航天”也很成问题。不过,也有人则反驳道:“但如果过度回避关键词,反而会更令人生疑。”许多人感到困惑。有人这样写道:“我从未想过德国会这么难搞。”

德国为何加强签证审查?

这背后可能是德国当局的安全考量。上述三家德媒的调查显示,近年来德国签证审查日益严格,申请人的简历可能会受到更细致的审查,以确定其是否与军事院校存在关联。

《南德意志报》的报道指出,一段时间以来,德国安全部门反复警告科学间谍活动风险,外界对于来自中国的留学生和研究人员的怀疑情绪显著增长。

上述三家德媒的调查显示,如今德国当局在审查来自中国的签证申请时,通常会引入联邦宪法保卫局等安全机构参与。这在很大程度上是由于中国自2017年起实施的《国家情报法》。根据该法,所有中国公民都有义务在接到国家情报部门要求时与其合作。

“即使这些(中国)研究人员并非是被派往德国进行技术调查的,”一位德国官员表示,“但他们回国后也会面临被情报部门就其研究成果进行质询的风险。”

中国驻德国大使馆则表示,科学技术是人类共同财富的一部分,安全问题不应“被滥用为政治工具”,并强调德国当局对中国间谍活动的指控“毫无根据”。

一些申请者试图另辟蹊径

《南德意志报》的报道表示,德国当局加强签证审查导致一些申请者试图向德国驻华五大总领事馆中的几家提交申请,寄希望于如果一家领事馆拒绝申请,另一家能够批准。还有一些申请人申请申根区其他国家的签证,因为这些国家的签证审查相对宽松,以便从那里前往德国。还有一些人试图以配偶身份入境。当然,也有人像相关论坛上建议的那样,在申请中避开某些关键词。

报道指出,收紧签证审批会造成附带损害,有时会误判、让无辜者遭殃。此外,这种立场如何影响相互交流以及科研发展也值得讨论。

在德国的学术界和政界,对华政策目前尚且存在争议,各大学之间也未形成统一的立场。在德国,科研和教学自由是一项受保护的基本权利。科研机构对国家干预非常敏感。

目前,德国科学研究正处于一种两难境地。一方面是安全担忧,一方面尖端科研也需要国际交流与合作。报道引述该领域的批评人士说,不应全面停止各领域的交流与合作,而应该在特定条件下扩大合作。

为了更好防范科学间谍活动,德国政府计划建立一个国家层面的“科研安全平台”,帮助权衡国际科学交流的风险和收益。该平台计划于今年秋季在德国教育部的支持下启动。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 德国政府将于今年秋季启动国家级“科研安全平台”。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • “科研安全平台”的具体运作机制为何?
  • 未来中德学术交流是否会进一步受限?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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