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Back中国国家主席习近平抵达华府展开国事访问,美中同意延长贸易休战协议
中国国家主席习近平抵达华府展开国事访问,美中同意延长贸易休战协议
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德国之声yesterdayPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

中国国家主席习近平抵达华府展开国事访问,美中同意延长贸易休战协议

习近平近11年来首次访美,特朗普亲自前往安德鲁联合基地迎接。两国宣布将贸易休战协议延长至明年1月。

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中国国家主席习近平週三抵达华府展开3天访美行程,美国总统特朗普亲自前往安德鲁联合基地迎接。两国元首将于白宫会谈,美方并宣布将原定11月结束的贸易休战期延长至1月10日。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

习近平应特朗普邀请赴美进行国事访问,这是两人继今年5月后的再次会面。美中间此前因关税、半导体及稀土限制存在长期摩擦。

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中国国家主席习近平週三(9月23日)抵达华府,展开为期3天的访美行程。美国总统特朗普亲自前往马里兰州安德鲁联合基地(Joint Base Andrews),在100英尺的红地毯、军乐队与礼炮簇拥下迎接习近平。

这是习近平近11年来首次前往美国进行国事访问。在迎宾仪式上,特朗普夫妇与习近平夫妇握手、交谈数分钟并合影留念,一架B-1轰炸机也飞越基地上空致意。

据美媒C-SPAN报道,这是11年来首次有美国总统在安德鲁联合基地迎接外国领导人。上一次是在2015年,由时任总统奥巴马迎接教宗方济各。

抵达华府后,习近平发表书面谈话,强调中美“应该成为伙伴而不是对手。”

他指出,中美双方利益“深度交融”,应推动“合作为主、竞争有度”的稳定关系。他也呼应特朗普的政治口号表示:“实现中华民族伟大复兴和让美国再次伟大,完全可以并行不悖、相互成就、造福世界。”

习近平表示,他期待与特朗普就中美关系、世界局势等重大议题交换意见,“相信在双方共同努力下,这次访问一定会取得丰硕成果”。

此次访问是习近平应特朗普邀请,继今年5月后,两人再次会面。根据白宫公布的行程,习近平24日将在白宫与特朗普会谈,并与企业领袖共进国宴、出席白宫军事仪式,25日则将参访收藏美国《独立宣言》和《宪法》原件的国家档案馆等。

贸易休战延至明年1月

美国财政部长贝森特週三表示,美中已同意延长贸易休战协议。

在与中国国务院副总理何立峰会面后,贝森特向《福斯新闻》表示:“原定11月10日结束的两国经济缓和期,将延长至1月10日,让我们有更多时间看看在经济方面能做些什么。”

去年4月,美国分阶段提高中国进口商品关税,最高达145%;中国则祭出反制关税,最高达125%,并限制部分材料出口。此后,美中多次同意暂停实施新关税、每次为期90天。

美中元首去年10月在韩国釜山举行峰会,达成更广泛的贸易休兵,内容包括暂停高额关税、稀土限制,以及对中国制造或中国拥有的船舶停靠美国港口所收取的高额费用。

此次延长贸易休战将确保双方关系稳定至2027年,但未达部分美国官员先前提出的延长3至6个月目标。

《彭博》引述华府智库战略暨国际研究中心(CSIS)专家甘思德(Scott Kennedy)指出,较短的延长期限显示,美国对中国在稀土及可能其他议题上的提议仍未感到满意,“这为峰会可能取得的成果设定了最低基准,市场可以据此开始定价,同时也保留特朗普与习近平亲自达成更长期协议的可能性。”

双方各自带著哪些“期待”?

美中紧张关系不仅限于关税。中国也抗议美国对半导体及人工智能芯片实施出口管制,认为相关措施阻碍中国企业取得先进技术;美国则指控中国蓄意扣留部分关键原物料。

这场峰会登场之际,特朗普在国内面臨民意压力。舆论关注他如何应对伊朗战争,加上11月中期选举将至,特朗普可能在峰会中寻求短期可见的成果,包括争取来自中国的贸易订单。

中方则可能更著重长期利益,例如避免扩大美方对中国的高科技管制、延缓对台军售、限制台美互动等。

路透社引述分析人士表示,两国领导人可能都不认为自己有必要妥协。

战略暨国际研究中心中国问题专家卡根(Edgard Kagan)表示:“总统非常相信,随著时间推移,美国经济将持续成长,美国会变得更强大......当习近平与特朗普坐下来会谈时,习近平非常相信美国正快速衰落,而时间站在中国这一边。”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美中贸易休战期将维持至2027年1月10日

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 美中能否在1月到期前达成更长期的经贸协议?
  • 峰会是否会缓和半导体与稀土出口管制?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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