
最高人民法院、中国人民银行、国家金融监督管理总局、中国证券监督管理委员会联合发布六起金融消费者和投资者合法权益保护典型案例,覆盖金融借款、基金理财、数字金融、人身保险、证券投资等领域,聚焦格式条款、公平交易、适当性义务、权利救济、多元解纷等热点,展示金融审判对行业高质量发展的价值引领。
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为维护金融消费者和投资者合法权益,规范金融机构经营行为,营造良好金融法治环境,最高人民法院、中国人民银行、国家金融监督管理总局、中国证券监督管理委员会联合发布典型案例。
为切实维护金融消费者、投资者合法权益,规范金融机构经营行为,营造良好金融法治环境,今天,最高人民法院、中国人民银行、国家金融监督管理总局、中国证券监督管理委员会联合发布六起金融消费者、投资者合法权益保护典型案例。
本次发布案例覆盖金融借款、基金理财、数字金融、人身保险、证券投资等多个领域,聚焦格式条款、公平交易、适当性义务、权利救济、多元解纷等现实热点和司法难点,集中展现金融审判对金融行业高质量发展的价值引领,彰显构建公平、透明、诚信、安全的金融市场生态的示范意义。
一是坚持依法保护,强化格式条款说明义务。人民法院依照法律规定,妥善把握平等保护与倾斜保护、契约自由与契约正义的辩证关系审理金融纠纷,让人民群众能够真正自主决策、公平享受金融服务。案例一明确金融机构对调整借款利率的格式条款负有提示说明义务,彰显依法保护金融消费者公平交易权和知情权的价值导向。
二是压实机构责任,落实适当性管理与卖者尽责。金融审判与金融监管相向而行、协同推进,促使金融机构严格落实适当性义务。案例二、案例三,依法认定销售机构未尽金融产品销售适当性义务,应承担相应赔偿责任,推动“卖者尽责、买者自负”原则真正落地见效,倒逼金融机构健全内控合规体系,将消费者权益保护嵌入经营全流程。
三是破除技术壁垒,确保金融消费者救济程序选择权。随着数字技术发展,金融机构在加快开展科技金融业务的同时,也利用技术优势掌握金融交易及纠纷解决方式的主动权,对金融消费者制定了一些不合理的条件,亟须予以规范。案例四明确基金公司依托App技术优势,在消费者认购产品后强制变更争议解决方式的行为不具有法律效力。
四是协同治理,发挥多元实质解纷机制功能。坚持多元实质高效解决金融领域纠纷是司法和监管的共同目标。针对金融案件特点,在监管部门的支持配合下,人民法院综合运用多元化解、调解和解、示范判决、代表人诉讼等工作举措,简化维权流程、压缩处置时限、降低维权成本,为金融消费者、中小投资者提供便捷、高效、低成本的纠纷化解途径,取得了良好的解纷效果。案例五通过依法调解,省去启动司法鉴定的较长周期,使投保人在较短时间内获得了重大疾病保险理赔款;案例六创新综合运用“示范判决+委托调解+代表人诉讼”,发挥多元实质解纷机制功能,维护了众多中小投资者合法权益。
案例一:
金融机构对调整借款利率的格式条款负有提示说明义务——某银行诉潘某、李某金融借款合同纠纷案
案例二:
银行不得以其不存在欺骗、误导营销行为等为由,免除适当性义务——苏某诉某银行委托理财合同纠纷案
案例三:
证券机构销售私募基金产品应做到“卖者尽责”——杨某某诉某证券营业部及第三人陈某、某投资管理中心金融委托理财合同纠纷案
案例四:
基金公司依托App技术优势,在认购产品后强制变更争议解决方式的行为不具有法律效力——方某诉某基金公司财产损害赔偿纠纷案
案例五:
依法调解高效化解重大疾病保险理赔纠纷,及时救济当事人权益——吴某诉某人寿保险公司人身保险合同纠纷案
案例六:
创新“示范判决+委托调解+代表人诉讼”,充分发挥多元解纷合力——某上市公司证券虚假陈述责任纠纷案
(总台央视记者 张赛)

After consumers purchase insured services when sending express delivery, they have disputes with the express delivery company over the compensation standard when the goods are damaged. Express delivery companies lower compensation based on depreciation and other factors, while consumers believe that the insured price should be fully compensated. Experts pointed out that complex price protection rules, difficulty in providing evidence and vague compensation standards are the root causes of disputes. They suggested that the loss determination mechanism should be clarified and consumer education should be strengthened.

Pan Liang, a former deputy ministerial cadre of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, was suspected of accepting bribes and using his influence to accept bribes. After investigation by the National Supervisory Commission, he was transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution. The Supreme People's Procuratorate has made the arrest decision and designated the Huaibei City People's Procuratorate of Anhui Province to review and prosecute. Recently, the Huaibei Municipal People's Procuratorate has filed a public prosecution with the Huaibei Municipal Intermediate People's Court, accusing Pan Liang of taking advantage of his position to seek benefits for others and illegally receiving huge amounts of property.

The State Administration for Market Regulation revised the draft Food Safety Law and adjusted the fines for small violations from fixed amounts to multiples to solve the problem of "heavy fines for small violations" and reflect the concept that law enforcement must be both strong and warm.

Justices Cai Zongzhen, Yang Huiqin, and Zhu Fumei refused to participate in the deliberation of the Constitutional Court for more than 300 days because they did not meet the "10 plus 9" threshold. After the judgment, they still issued negative legal opinions with the title of justice. Scholars Zhang Jiayin and Su Yantu pointed out that this behavior violated the ethics of judges and weakened the authority of the Constitutional Court. They warned that if it continues for a long time, it will affect its final judgment function.

Constitutional Court Justices Cai Zongzhen, Yang Huiqin, and Zhu Fumei refused to participate in the review because they believed that the composition of the five-member court was illegal. However, after the judgment, they still issued legal opinions in the name of the justices arguing that the judgment was invalid. They contradicted the official judgment, causing confusion among the people and shaking judicial credibility. They also warned that if it became a routine, it would undermine judicial consistency standards and procedural justice.

The three chief justices of the Constitutional Court, Cai Zongzhen, Yang Huiqin, and Zhu Fumei, refused to participate in the review for more than 300 days because they did not meet the legal review threshold. However, they later issued a "disagreeing legal opinion" in their own name and published it in "Taiwan Lawyer" and authorized Legal Source Legal Network to collect royalties. At the same time, they still used judicial terms such as the title of justice and "this seat", which triggered a controversy over judicial ethics and copyright property rights. Judicial circles have reported and requested investigation.