
共建“一带一路”标志性工程助力吉尔吉斯斯坦从“陆锁国”转型为“陆联国”
中吉乌铁路项目于2024年12月正式启动,作为连接中国、吉尔吉斯斯坦与乌兹别克斯坦的战略通道,该铁路将缩短中国通往欧洲的陆路运输时间,并助力吉尔吉斯斯坦实现从“陆锁国”到“陆联国”的经济转型。
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中吉乌铁路是共建“一带一路”的标志性工程,旨在打通中国通往中亚、西亚及欧洲的陆路通道。该项目面临复杂的高原高寒地质挑战,需要克服“四高”环境。
2013年,共建“丝绸之路经济带”倡议自中亚起笔。十多年来,这一倡议从“大写意”到“工笔画”,拉开了一幅波澜壮阔的时代画卷。
作为共建“一带一路”标志性工程,中吉乌铁路起自中国新疆喀什,经吐尔尕特山口进入吉尔吉斯斯坦,再向西经贾拉拉巴德,终至乌兹别克斯坦东部城市安集延。2024年12月27日,中吉乌铁路项目启动仪式举行,习近平主席在贺信中指出,“建设中吉乌铁路是三国政府着眼区域互联互通、促进地区繁荣稳定作出的战略决策,彰显了三国人民对打通这条战略通道的美好愿望。”
由设想变为现实,再到实体施工攻坚,习近平主席亲自关心、亲自推动这一互联互通的战略性项目。
2026年8月31日,习近平主席在比什凯克同吉、乌两国总统分别会面时,再次提及这条“交通大动脉”,特别强调要“高质量建好”,同时实施好口岸现代化改造,深化制度、标准、规则等“软联通”。
从铺设轨面海拔最高的中吉友谊隧道,到穿越高原上最长的纳伦1号隧道;从冬天降雪量最大的费尔干纳山隧道,到长度超过13公里的科什特伯隧道……中吉乌铁路在吉境内段计划建设的29条隧道,将面临高原、高寒、高地应力、高地震烈度“四高”地质环境挑战。
“这条铁路的建设难度远超想象。”中吉乌铁路有限公司副总经理库洛夫·乌兰·铁木尔别科维奇说。令人欣慰的是,三国建设者的合作始终保持建设性且富有成效。中国技术专家在铁路建设方面拥有极其丰富的经验,中方建设者展现出精湛的施工技术、严谨的专业素养与高效的履约能力,为项目的高质量推进提供了坚实保障。
中吉乌铁路项目11-1标项目管理部协调员努尔别克·扎尼别科夫说:“乌兹别克斯坦和中国同事,还有吉尔吉斯斯坦当地的工人,像一家人一样一起干活,亲密无间。”
这是一条“通衢之路”、“共赢之路”。
吉尔吉斯斯坦总统扎帕罗夫形象地指出,中吉乌铁路对吉尔吉斯斯坦来说,就像空气和水一样不可或缺,可以给国民带来巨大机会。
吉尔吉斯斯坦素有“山地之国”之称,地处中亚腹地,没有出海口,交通运输长期受限。据吉尔吉斯斯坦国家铁路公司数据,全国铁路运营里程仅424.6公里,货物运输高度依赖公路。
中吉乌铁路建成后,将成为中国通往中东、欧洲的最短陆路通道,与现有中欧班列路线相比可节省7到8天。吉尔吉斯斯坦将从“陆锁国”变成“陆联国”。
在吉尔吉斯斯坦世界政治研究所所长舍拉迪尔·巴克特古洛夫看来,该国南部连绵山脉和密布水系,阻隔着交通往来和人员流动,也成为制约当地经济社会发展的瓶颈。“中吉乌铁路建成后,可以联通这些交通不便的地区,开发新的区域,吸引更多投资,为吉尔吉斯斯坦民众创造更多发展机会。”
扎帕罗夫总统表示:“过境运输将为吉尔吉斯斯坦带来稳定而持续的收入,其规模可与现今库姆托尔金矿所提供的财政贡献相媲美。这将是国家的第二个‘库姆托尔’。”
除了轨道联通,运营、海关检疫等方面的互联互通同样关键。中吉两国联合宣言提出,推进“单一窗口”机制互联互通、引入现代化海关监管和自动化海关管理机制。当前,此类通关便利化探索已在中国新疆吐尔尕特口岸展开。
“吉中关系最贴切的注脚,如今就藏在莫尔多套山深处。”《吉尔吉斯斯坦言论报》发表社论说,这条铁路干线将把中国与中亚地区连接起来,开辟通往西亚、中东和欧洲的新路线。
在中吉乌铁路11-1标项目部工作的努尔别克说:“这条铁路带来的影响不止于一条‘路’,它能培养人才、带动经济增长,有助于我们国家的长远发展。”努尔别克与同事相约,铁路建成之日,一定要乘坐火车去中国看看,他“对中国之行充满期待”。

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