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Back乳牙蛀牙不能等换牙再治,专家警示早期干预的重要性
乳牙蛀牙不能等换牙再治,专家警示早期干预的重要性
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中国新闻网3 hours agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

乳牙蛀牙不能等换牙再治,专家警示早期干预的重要性

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浙江大学口腔医学专业研究生在浙江省舟山市嵊泗县和丽水市景宁畲族自治县义诊发现,儿童乳牙龋齿普遍且严重,部分孩子口腔内有十几颗蛀牙。专家指出,乳牙龋病不仅影响进食和营养吸收,还可能导致面部不对称、恒牙发育异常,甚至引发肾炎、风湿性关节炎等全身性疾病。义诊团队发现偏远地区儿童口腔卫生条件较差,家长防龋意识薄弱,且存在误区认为乳牙将换无需治疗。医生强调,应尽早治疗龋齿,推广涂氟和窝沟封闭等防龋措施,并建议每3至6个月进行一次口腔检查,以养成良好习惯并减少就医恐惧。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

乳牙龋齿是儿童常见口腔疾病,但许多家长误认为乳牙将被恒牙替换而无需治疗,导致龋病恶化。浙江大学口腔医院通过“沐光微笑”思政教育品牌开展下乡义诊,旨在改善偏远地区儿童口腔健康状况并普及防龋知识。

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乳牙被蛀为啥不能等“换牙”才治

“有的孩子嘴里可以看到有十几颗小蛀牙。”浙江大学口腔医学专业2025级硕士研究生刘心怡今年暑期去浙江省舟山市嵊泗县义诊后,对孩子们的龋齿情况印象深刻。

提到牙齿健康,很多人可能会直接想到保护恒牙,却忽略了儿童时期的乳牙健康。“龋齿会导致牙痛,孩子牙痛时会影响进食,进而影响营养吸收。一些孩子因为一侧牙痛,长期单侧咀嚼导致大小脸。”浙江大学医学院附属口腔医院(以下简称“浙大口腔”)儿童口腔科负责人、主任医师吴志芳呼吁大家重视儿童乳牙龋齿问题。

此外,儿童的乳牙下面是恒牙胚,严重的乳牙龋病产生的根尖周炎会导致恒牙发育问题。吴志芳说:“儿童恒牙萌出时,表面如果有黄色斑块,可能就是乳牙根尖炎造成的。严重的乳牙龋病甚至可能带来全身性的影响,局部感染可能会引起肾炎、风湿性关节炎或其他脏器的感染。”

舟山市嵊泗县和丽水市景宁畲族自治县是浙大口腔帮扶地。今年暑期,浙大口腔依托“沐光微笑”思政教育品牌,组建了5支“向阳先锋”暑期社会实践团前往义诊。

去景宁义诊的浙江大学口腔医学专业2023级博士研究生陆科杰说:“这里校园科普资源相对匮乏。在与当地小朋友和家长的交流中,我发现他们对刷牙、涂氟、窝沟封闭等基本口腔保健知识知道得不多。”

这样的情况和吴志芳的诊疗经验相符:“偏远地区的孩子口腔卫生情况会比城市里的孩子差一些,家长(这方面的)意识也比较薄弱,地区之间医疗水平不同,造成了龋病患病情况的差异。”

景宁当地不少孩子的父母长期外出务工,由祖辈带孩子。景宁畲族自治县人民医院口腔科主任周银环说:“这些孩子的口腔不良习惯,会大大提升患龋风险。”

嵊泗是海岛县,地理条件特殊,刘心怡是嵊泗义诊学生团队队长,她说:“义诊在嵊泗的一个暑期托管班开展,30多个小朋友,人均6颗蛀牙,患龋率偏高。”刘心怡解释,因为样本量小、两极分化非常大,数据会有些偏移,“有的小朋友一张嘴,十几颗小蛀牙”。

在景宁县和嵊泗县的义诊中,学生团队收集了很多关于乳牙保护的认知误区,吴志芳医生对此逐一给出解释和纠正。

“小孩子吃的零食,像蛋糕、饼干等很容易黏附在牙齿表面,但孩子们没有察觉,吃完也没漱口或刷牙。临床上,我们经常遇到小患者两颗相邻牙齿之间有龋洞,食物残渣就嵌在里面。”吴志芳表示,孩子的感知比成年人弱,有些蛀牙龋洞非常深的孩子,可能都感觉不怎么疼。“我国3岁儿童乳牙患龋率约为50%,5岁儿童达到70.9%,很多孩子一张嘴有8颗,甚至20颗蛀牙。”

20多年的临床经验中,吴志芳看到,龋齿给小朋友带来的不仅是病痛,还有心理压力。“满口蛀牙的孩子一张嘴就看得非常明显,日常生活中可能会受到旁人的议论,给孩子带来心理压力。有些孩子会产生自卑心理,也不爱笑,害怕别人看到自己黑黑的牙齿。”

目前,牙齿涂氟和窝沟封闭是公认有效、性价比高的儿童防龋手段。景宁和嵊泗的义诊团队为孩子们提供了牙齿涂氟服务。

“窝沟封闭可以使龋齿发生风险降低60%-70%,牙齿涂氟可以降低30%-40%,也减少后期治疗成本。小洞不补,大洞吃苦,龋齿程度越深,治疗花费越高。”吴志芳解释,“这两种方式很方便,可以在社区和学校内大范围开展,目前已在大城市普及,偏远地区的窝沟封闭和牙齿涂氟进校园也指日可待。”

吴志芳表示,窝沟封闭和牙齿涂氟有效,但不是“特效药”,不能100%阻止儿童龋齿的发生,遗传因素和个人体质也是形成龋齿的原因。更重要的是,家长要为孩子做榜样,自己养成良好刷牙习惯的同时,经常观察孩子的口腔状况,一旦发现小龋洞,尽早治疗。

吴志芳发现,只要孩子不说牙痛,即使龋坏发生很久了,很多家长也不带他们治疗。“他们觉得小孩的牙齿会换,不需要治疗,这是非常糟糕的观点。发现龋齿要尽早治疗,即使没有龋齿,也要做好定期口腔检查。”

“我的很多病人都养成了3至6个月定期口腔检查的习惯,对于龋齿高发的孩子,建议3个月复查一次。定期检查一定程度上也可以缓解儿童对看牙的恐惧。”吴志芳说。

刘心怡表示,作为口腔医学专业学生,义诊经历让她想在学生阶段以及未来真正成为牙医后,参加更多下乡义诊等公益活动。

吴志芳说,“下次义诊时,可以对比看看这些偏远地区孩子的龋齿发病率,经过医学生的口腔健康知识宣传后有没有变化,这项工作要长期跟踪下去。”

“义诊活动的意义远不止现场诊疗,更重要的是帮助大家建立良好的口腔卫生习惯,好习惯是终身受用的。”吴志芳说。

实习生 邱贝岑 中青报·中青网记者 刘昶荣 来源:中国青年报

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 浙江大学口腔医院将在今后义诊中对比偏远地区儿童龋齿发病率变化,以评估口腔健康宣传效果

    Likely · Within months

  • 窝沟封闭和牙齿涂氟在偏远地区学校和社区的覆盖率将逐步提升

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 义诊后儿童龋齿率的长期变化如何?
  • 偏远地区开展涂氟和窝沟封闭项目的可持续性资金来源是什么?
  • 如何提升祖辈带娃家庭的口腔健康干预效果?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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